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evolutions - Coggle Diagram
evolutions
evidence for evolution
evolution in real time: the process by which species adapt over time in response to their changing environment.
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biogeography: the branch of biology that deals with the geographical distribution of plants and animals.
comparative embryology: if you look at organisms fairly long them they all look the same, having a similar embryo until they grow to have different traits
comparative anatomy
vestigial structures:
Image result for define vestigial structures
Structures that have no apparent function and appear to be residual parts from a past ancestor
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fossils: the remains or impression of a prehistoric organism preserved in petrified form or as a mold or cast in rock.
speciation
allopatric speciation: occurs when a species separates into two separate groups which are isolated from one another.
sympatric: (of animals or plants, especially of related species or populations) occurring within the same geographical area; overlapping in distribution.
definition and conditions for speciation: when a group within a species separates from other members of its species and develops its own unique characteristics
adaptive radiation: the diversification of a group of organisms into forms filling different ecological niches.
selective process
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stabilizing selection: one phenotype between a range is selected for and in the future all individuals will have that type, more diverse and less likely to become extinct if the environment changes quickly
directional selection: when you get the change on the range of pehotypes towards whatever happened in the environment
mechanisms of evolution
sexual selection
definition: those individuals with alleles that are ‘sexy’ get to mate more often so that ‘sexy’ alleles are more common in the gene pool.
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natural selection
definition: those individuals with alleles that give them adaptations to the environment allowing them to survive and reproduce more often so that these alleles are more common in the gene pool.
example: polar bear fur, finch beaks becoming thicker when you have bigger seeds available
artificial selection
the identification by humans of desirable traits in plants and animals, and the steps taken to enhance and perpetuate those traits in future generations.
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darwins theory
the theory
That this struggle for existence culls out those organisms less well adapted to any particular ecology and allow those better adapted to flourish – a process called Natural Selection
That the genetic variations ultimately producing increased survivability are random and not caused by God or by the organism’s own striving for perfection.
That all life, biologically considered, takes the form of a struggle to exist – more exactly, to exist and produce the greatest number of offspring.
That natural selection is cumulative, thus evolution requires enormously long periods of time, so long, in fact that the everyday experience of human beings provides them with no ability to interpret such histories;
That biological types or species do not have a fixed, static existence but exist in permanent states of change and flux;
intellectual influences
charles lyell
Geology, Charles Lyle, that proved that the Earth was enormously old and geological processes still in motion.
charles malthus
Charles Lyell influenced Darwin's theory of natural selection by providing geological and fossil evidence to support Darwin's theory
fossils
Thomas Malthus, demographer/economist, humans’ reproductive ability is greater than the earth’s resources.
animal breeding
Darwin realized that species were replaced in time by similar species. Darwin wondered, if extinction of species occurs, as testimonied by the fossil record, how did the planet got repopulated over time?
lamark
Lamarck, inheritance of acquired characteristics. French intellectual hero. Mechanism was wrong.
voyage of the beagle
He collected many specimens of the finches on the Galapagos Islands. These specimens and his notebooks provided Darwin with a record of his observations as he developed the theory of evolution through natural selection
provided Darwin with a lifetime of experiences to ponder—and the seeds of a theory he would work on for the rest of his life.
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church of england
Christian churches were long hostile to Darwin because his theory conflicted with the literal biblical account of creation.
grandfather
Grandfather, Erasmus who believed that species could change over time. He wrote about it in poetry and was ostracized because of it and its political implications.
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