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factors that shape the identities of ppl and contribute to a diverse…
factors that shape the identities of ppl and contribute to a diverse society (chp 5)
identity refers to how you perceive yourself and how others perceive you
will change as you gain experience over time
diversity refers to differences and variety
society is a socio-culturally diverse when ppl of diff races and ethnicities, religions and nationalities
society is socio-economically diverse when ppl of diff socio-economic backgrounds due to diff levels of education, income and wealth
differences in diverse society can bring ppl closer or lead to tensions and conflicts
appreciation of diversity enables you to respond to and interact with diverse groups in ways to promote harmony
5.1 race and ethnicity
race
refers to the biological classification of ppl, which includes physical characteristics
ethnicity
is based on culture of a grp of ppl who share the same ancestry (origin of someone's fam or comm), customs (commonly accepted ways of doing certain things) and traditions (beliefs or ways of acting that ppl in a particular society have followed for a long time) that distinguish them from other grps in society.
each ethnic grp has its own beliefs, values and practices that shape its identity and way of life
race and ethnicity can refer to the same grp of ppl
5.1.1 in sg
can shape a person's identity as it influences his or her beliefs, values, practices and way of life
e.g. kids of a mixed fam are exposed to various cuisine, customs and holidays that enriched their lives
4 main racial categories:
chinese
malay
indian
others include arabs, caucasians, eurasians (mixed european and asian), filipinos, japanese, thais
also refers to "CMIO", the categories are sequenced by size of major ethnic grps in sg
gov uses CMIO categorisation to make decisions regarding policies related to race and ethnicity in sg
grp representation constituency (GRC)
the system was established in 1988 to ensure minority races in sg are represented in parliament
a grp of members of parliament (MPs) represent interests of residents in constituency . at least one in the grp representing a GRC must belong to malay, indian, or minority racial comm.
ethnic integration policy (EIP)
introduced in 1989 to promote interaction and harmony among ethnic grps. its aim was to prevent rise of ethnic enclaves (areas of a country where a grp of ppl with distinct culture lives apart from ppl in larger surrounding area)
ensures there is a mix of various grps in each HDB, based on the ethnic make-up of sg so they will have the chance to interact
used to represent interests of minorities and encourage integration among racial and ethnic grps
to reflect growing diversity and increasing inter-ethnic marriages, the double-barrelled race option was implemented in 2011 jan for children with mixed parents. the option allows for races of both parents to be reflected as the chlid's race
5.2 religion
diff religions can influence their respective followers' beliefs, values, practices and way of life, thus shaping their identities
5.2.2 understanding religions in sg
believers keep to beliefs and practices of their religion regardless their race, ethnicity or nationality
influences their thinking, choices and decisions they make, and their interactions with others
refers to an organised collection of attitudes, beliefs, values, practices and world views
involves worship of a god or a grp of gods
usually has a narrative or an account of events to explain the origins and meaning of life
promote values of compassion, love and respect
5.3 socio-economic status
5.3.1 indicators and their use
income helps gov identify grp of ppl who may require additional assistance. in this way, the gov can provide more targeted support to those who need it
e.g. families with lower income may face challenges in providing resources to support their children's development. to ensure children have a good start in life, sg gov introduced the KidSTART programme as added support for children 6 and below.
KidSTART equips parents wiith relevant knowledge and skills to nurture their child's early development. it is offered to fam that need it the most, like those with household income of 2500 or less, or gross monthly per capita (total monthly income divided by total no. of fam members living together) income of 650 or less.
refers to an economic situation shared by a grp of ppl in society.
it's measured based on a combi of social and economic factors that include: income, edu, occupation, housing
5.3.2 social mobility
status can change
individual's movement across socio-economic positions is known as >
5.4 nationality
ppl of same nationality is normally citizens of same country and usually live together in a particular geographical area
often share a common histroy and language, and common experiences, practices and traditions
e.g. of what ppl of same nationality share
singlish is an informal way of speaking, used by most singaporeans. it mixes english and other languages comm speaks in sg
ppl may feel more connected with others of the same nationality as they share common history etc. this may result in shared sense of identiy and belonging
foreigners who permanently in sg are known as immigrants (ppl who left their country to permanently settle in another country). they comprise naturalised sg citizens (SCs) and permanent residents (PRs) there are also foreign students and workers
migrants are ppl who move to another country to find work or btr living conditions
they came as sg got gd edu system and job opportunities
systematic, safe, clean and everything is easily accessible