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05 THE OCTOBER REVOLUTION
THE FEBRUARY REVOLUTION (1917)
ration cards
allowed families to acquire a small quantity of provisions to be able to subsist in times of scarcity
February 1917
striking workers and women led popular demonstrations
slogan of the Bolsheviks
‘peace, bread and land’
demonstrations resulted in a general revolutionary strike
the following months
workers, peasants and soldiers rebelled throughout Russia
seizing local power and constituting Soviets
Two poles of power would emerge from the political space left by the tsar
heirs to the Revolution of 1905
one liberal, the Duma, and the other revolutionary, the Soviet
Provisional Government
democratic freedoms, form a constituent assembly and grant political amnesty
The amnesty allowed Lenin, leader of the Bolsheviks
to return from his exile in Switzerland
Lenin presented the
April Theses
at the Conference of Soviets
he refused to cooperate with the Provisional Government
defended the need to move to a new phase of the revolution aimed at taking power
LENIN (1870–1924)
active member of the Bolshevik Party since its foundation
he endured years of exile
‘All the power for the Soviets’
THE OCTOBER REVOLUTION (1917)
head of government, Alexander Kerenski,
entrusted the supreme command of the army to General Kornilov
install a military dictatorship
who tried to overthrow the government
event became the immediate cause of a new revolution
During the night of 24–25 October
strategic points of the city
dismissed the Provisional Government
Winter Palace
announced the triumph
from the cruiser Aurora
warning shots
communist revolution was beginning worldwide
THE FIRST REVOLUTIONARY GOVERNMENT
Soviet of People’s Commissars or Sovnarkom
Decree on Peace
to end the war
Decree of the right of self-determination
which affected the peoples of the former tsarist empire
Decree of Land
Private ownership of land was abolished
passed to the local Soviets to be distributed among the peasants
Decree of the Tcheka
political police to combat the counterrevolution
Economic decrees
nationalisation of the banks
control of companies by the workers
non-recognition of the debt contracted by the tsar’s government with foreigners
Decrees for the emancipation of women
which established complete equality between men and women
Constituent Assembly
universal suffrage
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk,
meant the immediate end of the war for Russia in exchange for the loss of important territories
relinquished more than a third of its population
and of its industrial, agricultural and mineral wealth.
TROTSKY (1879–1940)
family of Jewish peasants
responsible for signing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
organised the Red Army during the Russian Civil War
