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Strategies to overcome food shortage - Coggle Diagram
Strategies to overcome food shortage
Technological
Storage
Refrigerated warehouse storage
to keep food fresh for a longer period of time
L: expensive increase cost of food procution
W: crops can be distributed to places further away from its area of production -> larger food variety being made available and accessible to more people
Silos
airtight container to store crops
W: reduce loss of crops to pests by 20%
L: unaffordable for poor farmers
Farming technology
Green revolution
L: expensive
irrigation can lead to salinisation and waterlogging if not properly managed
EG: SG use of computers resulted in fewer workers needed to grow crops in farms
Biotechnology
science of modifying living organisms
GM food
W: - higher yield -> helps farmers earn higher income and enables countries to be more self-sufficient in food production -> able to be self-sustained
allow food to be produced in areas previously considered unsuitable for agriculture
stabilise crop yield as more resistant to extreme weather conditions
L: unaffordable for LDCs
consumers wary of consuming GM bcs of the potential health risks hence low demand
Agricultural
Multiple cropping and crop rotation
Multiple cropping: practice of growing two or more crops on a single piece of land at the same time
allow plants to grow better while retaining crop yield efficiency
reduces problem of pests as some species grown w another can protect EG garlic repel aphids from tomatoes
Crop rotation: growing several crops on the same land area
reduces dependence on one crop so factors like diseases, price, etc do not have drastic effects on economy
Water and soil conservation
No-till farming: allow plant material from prev growing szn to be kept on surface of soil, maintaining quality of soil by returning nutrients to it
keeps farmlands fertile for longer periods of time, ensuring farming is sustainable and hence ensure supply
increased soil fertility leads to increased crop yields
Leasing farmland to other countries
LDCs: lots of arable land can generate income and used to benefit agriculture sector
EG: 2008 SK 99yr lease from Madagascar for $12 a hectare
LDCs reduce food supply
EG: Ethopia although have FOOD SHORTAGE still continue to lease land to toher countries knnbcb dumbassq
Social
Support local farmers
consumers purchase local -> food security of country enhanced bcs reduce reliance of foreign exports
keep local farmers in business n not displaced by intl competition and ensure local food supply
local food also cheaper -> reduce food costs in long term
Population control
govt family planning
ensure sufficient food to go around
EG: Philippines ppl provided w contraceptives
Political and economic
National
High-tech farming (SG)
agrotechnology parks that house high-tech farms are built
built w modern infrastructure eg computers that can help increase crop yields or increase land-use efficiency
+ves
able to produce 8% of veg and fish, 26% of eggs consumed in sg
reduces reliance on food imports by ensuring sg has a source of local produce despite small size
eg Seng Choon Eggs
-ves
exp to set up -> higher food prices for consumers
imported food may still be cheaper and consumers tend to pick cheaper food -> inability to sell produce
Intnl
Responding to emergencies (UNWFP)
provision of emergency food assistance during wars and natural disasters
+ve: food successfully delivered to 99.5% of targeted recipients during 2011 Sudan food crisis -> reduced impact of food shortage
food prices may inflate during such emergencies
extent of assistance limited by how much funds receive from donors
School Meals (UNWFP)
provisions of sch meals to provide nutriiton for sch children
sch feeding provides incentive for enrolment and attendance -> help children learn more effectively
coverage of programmes uneven across countries
low income countries: only 18% of children receive daily meal at sch
49% of children in middle-income fams