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Nature-based solutions - Coggle Diagram
Nature-based solutions
Definitions:
There is a lack of consensus about the definition of NBS (Ershad Sarabi et al., 2019)
there is a shared understanding that NBS concept encompasses HUMAN and ECOLOGICAL benefits, beyond the core objective of ecosystem conservation, restoration or enhancement (Ershad Sarabi et al., 2019)
There are two most commonly referenced definitions of NBS in literature relating to the topic (Ershad Sarabi et al., 2019)
IUCN (2012) definition: NBS can deliver effective solutions to major global challenges such as climate regulation, using nature while providing biodiversity benefits in terms of diverse, well-managed ecosystems, and respecting and reinforcing communities' rights over natural resources.
emphasizes biodiversity, communities' rights over their natural resources
European Commission (2016) definition: actions that are inspired by, supported by or copied from nature, which aim to help societies address a variety of environmental, social and economic challenges in a sustainable way.
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Challenges/problems which can be addressed by NBS outlined by Raymond et al., 2017
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Characterising NBS (Eggermont et al., 2015)
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3 different types of NBS
1). minimal or no intervention in ecosystems, the objectives are to maintain or improve the delivery of a range of ecosystem services both inside and outside the preserved ecosystem.
EXAMPLE: the protection of mangroves, coastal erosion, minimise risks of damage from extreme weather etc
2). the implementation of sustainable management processes that develop sustainable, multifunctional ecosystems and landscapes, which improves the delivery of selected ecosystem services compared to what would be obtained through more conventional intervention
EXAMPLE: innovative planning for agricultural landscapes to increase their multifunctionality
3). managing ecosystems in very intrusive ways, or even creating new ecosystems (new assemblages of organisms for green roofs and green walls to mitigate city warming and clean polluted air).
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