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Cynthia Jaimes Per.3 Digestive and Urinary System - Coggle Diagram
Cynthia Jaimes Per.3 Digestive and Urinary System
Major Functions of Digestive System
Breaks down food
Absorb necessary nutrients
Digestive Enzymes
Trypsin
Pancreas
Breaks down proteins or partially digeted proteins into peptides
Chymotrypsin
Pancreas
Breaks down proteins or partially digeted proteins into peptides
Pancreatic lipase
Pancreas
Breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol
Carboxypeptidase
Pancreas
Breaks down proteins or partially digeted proteins into peptides
Pancreatic amylase
Pancreas
Breaks down starch into disaccharides
Nucleases
Pancreas
Breaks down nucleia acids into nucleotides
Pepsin
Begins protein digestion
Gastric cheif cells
Enterokinase
Intestinal mucosal cells
Converts trypsinogen into trypsin
Salivary amylase
Salivary gland
Begins carbohydrate digestion (breaks down starch to disacharides)
Bile
Breaks down fats
made in liver
Location of Digestion and Absorption of each Macromolecule
Pepsin
Begins protein digestion
Pancreatic amylase
Breaks down starch into disaccharides
Salivary amylase
Breaks down starch, to disacharides
Pancreatic lipase
Breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol
Amylase
Breaks down starch (carbohydrate)
Trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase
Breaks down protein into peptides
Nucleases
Breaks down nucleia acids into nucleotides
Major Organs of Urinary System
Ureters
Transports urine from kidneys to bladder
Bladder
Stores urine
Kidney
Filters blood
Urethra
Conveys urine to the outside of the body
Layers of the GI Tract
Submucosa
Nourishes the surrounding layers of the canal, and transports absorbed nutrients away from digestive organs
Under the mucosa
Muscularis
Move food through the canal
2 layers, both inner and outer
Mucosa
Protects the tissue of the canal, secrete, and absorbs dietary nutrients
Inner layer of the alimentary canal
Serosa
Outer layer of the alimentary canal
Protects underlying tissue, and reduces friction between organs
Major Organs of Digestive System
Stomach
Receives food and moves food to small intestines ( digest proteins)
Small intestine
Absorbs nutrients from food and most chemical digestion takes place
Esophagus
Connects mouth to stomach
Large intestine
Absorbs water and electrolytes, and forms feces
Pharynx (thoart)
Pathway for the alimentary canal
Rectum
Stores feces
Mouth
Food enters and begins mechanical digestion
Anus
Feces leave the body
Salivary gland
Secretes saliva and begins carbohydrate digestion
Liver
Secretes bile
Gallbladder
Holds bile
Pancreas
Makes digestive enzymes
Major Functions of Urinary System
Maintain normal concentrations of electrolytes and water
Regulates pH and body fluid volume
Filters salt and waste from blood
Helps control red blood cell production and blood pressure
Nephron Anatomy and Physiology
Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
Reabsorbs water, and ions and secretes
Second section of renal tubule
Collecting duct
Collects filtered urine and moves it to the renal pelvis
Last part of the renal tubule
Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
Reabsorbs water, ions, and nutrients
First section of renal tubule
Glomerular capsule
Surrounds glomerulus and receives filtered blood
Cup-shaped sac
Glomerulus
Filters water, from blood plasma
A cluster of capillaries
Glomerular capillaries
In the glomerulus
Filters plasma
Disorders of the Digestive and Urinary Systems
Polyus
May be caused by hereditary, diet, or age
Some symptoms are bloody stool, diarrhea, or change in bowel movement
Sores on the stomach
Some treatments are diet adjustment, surgical removal, or no treatments
Colorectul Cancer
May be caused by chemical exposure, diet, or herdity
Some symptoms are bloating, weight loss, or bloody stool
Some treatments are surgery, radiation therapy, or medication
Uncontrolled cell growth in the colon
Peptic Ulcers
May be caused by imbalance in gastric juices, bacterial infection, or alcohol abuse
Some symptoms are heartburn, severe chest pain, or bloody stool
Sores in the lining of the stomach or the duodenum
Some treatments are lifestyle changes, medication, or endoscopic surgery
Bladder Cancer
May be caused by smoking, chemical exposure, or radiation
Body cells grow out of control in bladder
Some symptoms are hematuria, back pain, or pain in lower abdomen
Some treatments are cancer drugs, or better diet
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Chron's disease)
Causes are unknown, but may be caused by genetics, enviornmental, or immune
Some symptoms are abdominal pain, diarrhea, or bowel obstruction
Chronic complex intestinal condition that causes inflammation in the digestive tract
Some treatments are medication, fluid replacement, or diet adjustment
Urinary Tract Infection
May be caused by diabetes, being sexually active, or being pregnant
Some symptoms are burning when urinating, pain in lower pelvic area, or cloudy urine
Some treatments are antibiotics, or surgery
Abnormal growth of bacteria anywhere along the urinary tract
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
May be caused by frequent acid reflux, diabetes, or smoking
Some symptoms are chest pain, dry cough, or sour taste
Chronic disease that makes contents of the stomach move back into esophagus
Some treatments are over counter medication, prescription medication, or surgery
Kidney Stones
Caused by high levels of proteins and calcium
Some symptoms are pain in the back side, burning when urinating, or intense need to urinate more
When high levels of minerals and salts are in urine and form hard stones
Some treatments are surgery, medication, or wait for stone to pass
Cholecystitis
May be caused by blockage of gall bladder, inflammation, or diet
Some symptoms are tender abdomen, bloating, or fever
Inflammation of the gall bladder
Some treatments are fasting, antibiotics, or cholecystectomy