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Frantz Fanon - Coggle Diagram
Frantz Fanon
Biography
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Dies very young in 1961 from leukaemia, does't write a lot but very influential in what he wrote
Black Skin, White Masks (1952) aims to liberate black man from himself
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Philosophy
De-colonisation
Even when you throw out the coloniser, how do you dispel the imperial world order and the legacies of colonisation?
Decolonising elites are constrained and induced to westernise and modernise, being subject to a period of tutelage or guardianship
Decolonising elites become alienated from their own populations, meaning they lean more and more on western powers to maintain their own power
Western hegemony is esured by trusteeship - post-colonial development is controlled via the league of nations
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Imperialism
Ideological components
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Modernising, development, democratisation
Colonialism
Colonialism creates a Manichaean world, split between colonised and coloniser, "reciprocally exclusive", so no concilliation is possible
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Stretch Marxist economic theories to race - critique of negotiations between a native elite class and the formal colonisers as the path to emancipation
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We can use the same analytical tools to understand social and economic relations in the colonies that we use to understand social and economic relations in the metropole
To the traumatised colonised person, the settlers' world is both a hostile hell to be destroyed, and an attractive paradise to be envied
Psychology
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As a doctor, treats mental illnesses. Believed that neuroses, psychiatric disorders, aggression were induced by social factors and contexts - social psychiatry
Trauma is being categorised as inferior by a white European culture - totalising hierarchical worldview, being defined as an other
Existential challenge in living in a world constituted for white humans which denies shared humanity
T|o escape from the condition of being an object, black humans must become white to be treated with a modicum of dignity
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Marxist, buliding theories on Hegel, psychoanalysis, existentialism, phenomenology
Race
Race deforms individual's lives, their sense of self. How can one form an identity outside the racialising colonial project
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Critic of négritude
a movement that flourished, reappropriatign a denigrating label into a source of pride
Négritude is limited as it frees the black person from the inferiority complex, but leaves them with their identity dependent, opposite of white
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Negrification
Race is a lived experience, a process, not a metaphysical category
Negrification promotes negative attitudes towards other blacks and Africa. Normalises attitudes of desire and debasement towards Europe and white people
Presents itself as an immutable all-encompassing way in the world that no other alternative appears to be possible, limits the imagination
Third Worldism
Cold War provides framework and context for anticolonial resistance, as the third world faces an existentialist choice
Acts of resistance in the third world are part of a larger picture: anticolonialism must be transnational and popular
Third world must not be content with inherited values and systems. Must generate new concepts and values
Cold War means capitalists cannot station troops abroad and fear socialist infiltration. Through violence of anticolonial resistance, new values will come about
"On Violence"
In the status quo of colonisation, violence is the fundamental element
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Violence can be used beneficially: a means to an end, self-fashioning
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Les Damnés de la Terre
"The need for this change exists in its crude state, impetuous and compelling, in the consciousness and in the lives of the men and women who are colonised. But the possibility of this change is equally experienced in the form of a terrifying future in the consciousness of another "species" of men and women: the colonisers"
"Colonialism is not a thinking machine, nor a body endowed with reasoning faculties. It is violence in its natural state, and it will only yield when confronted with greater violence"