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INSIDE THE COMPUTER - PROCESSING AND MEMORY - Coggle Diagram
INSIDE THE COMPUTER -
PROCESSING AND MEMORY
Processor
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
...interprets & carries out the basic instructions that operate a
computer.
A complex set of circuitry that executes stored program
instructions.
A multi-core processor is a single chip with two or more
separate processor cores.
Contains:
Control Unit
...directs and coordinates operations in computer.
Carries out instructions that direct the computer system.
Communicates with the ALU & the memory.
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
...performs arithmetic, comparison & logical operations
Performs all arithmetic
addition
subtraction
multiplication
division
Performs all logical
operation/comparisons
equal
less than
greater than
combinations of the above (greater than & equal to)
not equal is represented by greater than or less than
Processor (cont.)
Pipelining
CPU begins fetching
second completing machine
cycle for first instruction.
Results in faster processing.
System Clock
Control timing of all computer operations. The pace of
system clock is called clock speed (gigahertz, GHz)
Generates regular electronic pulses/ticks, that set
operating pace of components of system unit.
Workstation and mainframe speeds are measure in MIPS
(millions of instruction per second)
Older CPU processing speeds are in megahertz.
1 MHz = 1 million cycles per second
Current CPU processing speeds are in gigahertz.
1 GHz = 1 billion cycles per second
Machine Cycle
step 1:
Fetch - obtain program instruction/data
item from memory.
step 2 :
Decode - translate instruction into
commands.
step 3:
Execute - carry out command.
Step 4:
Store - write result to memory.
Register
...temporarily hold data & instructions
Temporary high speed storage area that holds data
& instructions.
...temporary storage area built into a CPU.
some registers are used internally & cannot be
accessed outside the processor, while others are
user accessible.
most modern CPU architectures include both
types of registers.
Zero Insertion Force (ZIP)
socket
Allows you to install and remove chips with no force
Step 1: Lift the lever on the socket.
Step 2: Insert the chip.
Step 3: Push the lever down.
Processer (cont.)
Heat Sinks
component with fins that cools processor
Heat Pipes
smaller device for notebook computers.
A processor chip generates heat that could cause
the chip to malfunction or fail.
Require additional cooling
cooling pads
heat sinks
liquid cooling technology
System Unit
(Chassis)
Chip
Chips are packaged so they can be attached to a
circuit board.
Small piece of semi-conducting material on which
integrated circuits are etched.
Contain many microscopic pathways capable of
carrying electrical.
Motherboard
(System Board)
Contains adapter cards, processor chips & memory
chips
...main circuit board of the computer or system unit
A computer chip is a small piece of semiconducting
material (silicon)
Example components
Power supply
Drive bays
Processor
Memory
Ports
Adapter Cards
video card
Network card
modem card
sound card
Introduction
The case contains & protects the electronics of the
computer/mobile device from damage.
Case that contains electronic components of the
computer used to process data.