1.1a Skeletal and muscular systems

Joints, movements and
muscles

Functional roles of muscles
and types of contraction

Analysis of movement (analyse movement with reference to)

Skeletal muscle contraction

Muscle contraction during exercise of differing intensities and during recovery

roles of muscles

agonist

antagonist

fixator

types of contraction

isotonic

concentric

eccentric

isometric

joint type

movement produced

agonist and antagonist muscles involved

type of muscle contraction taking place

structure and role of motor units in skeletal muscle contraction

nervous stimulation of the motor unit

motor neuron

action potential

neurotransmitter

‘all or none’ law

muscle fibre types

slow oxidative

fast oxidative glycolytic

fast glycolytic

recruitment of different fibre types during exercise of differing
intensities and during recovery

shoulder

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, horizontal flexion/extension, medial and lateral rotation, circumduction

deltoid, latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, trapezius, teres minor

elbow

flexion, extension

biceps brachii, triceps brachii

wrist

flexion, extension

wrist flexors, wrist extensors

hip

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial and lateral rotation

iliopsoas, gluteus maximus, medius and minimus, adductor
longus, brevis and magnus

knee

flexion, extension

hamstring group: biceps femoris, semi-membranosus ,
semi-tendinosus

quadriceps group: rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus
intermedius and vastus medialis

ankle

dorsi flexion, plantar flexion

tibialis anterior, soleus, gastrocnemius

planes of movement

frontal

transverse

sagittal