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PARALLEL PROCESSING - Coggle Diagram
PARALLEL PROCESSING
Symmetric Multiprocessor
advantage
Availability
Incremental growth
Performance
Scaling
Organization
Multiprocessor Operating System Design Considerations
key design issues
Synchronization
Memory management
Scheduling
Reliability and fault tolerance
Simultaneous concurrent processes
A Mainframe SMP
key components of the configuration
Dual-core processor chip
L2 cache
System control element (SCE)
Main store control (MSC)
Memory card
Memory bus adapter (MBA)
Clusters
benefits
Incremental scalability
High availability
Absolute scalability
Superior price/performance
Configurations
Operating System Design Issues
Load balancing
Parallelizing computation
Failure management
Cluster Computer Architecture
Single file hierarchy
Single control point
Single entry point
Single virtual networking
Single memory space
Single job-management system
Single user interface
Single I/O space
Single process space
Checkpointing
Process migration
Nonuniform Memory Access
Terms in NUMA
Nonuniform memory access (NUMA)
Cache-coherent NUMA (CC-NUMA)
Uniform memory access (UMA)
Motivation
Organization
NUMA Pros and Cons
Multithreading and Chip Multiprocessors
Implicit and Explicit Multithreading
Process
Resource ownership
Scheduling/execution
Process switch
Thread
Thread switch
Approaches to Explicit Multithreading
Blocked multithreading
Simultaneous multithreading (SMT)
Interleaved multithreading
Chip multiprocessing
Example Systems
Pentium 4
IBM Power5
Multiple Processor Organizations
Types of Parallel Processor Systems
Single instruction, multiple data (SIMD) stream
Multiple instruction, single data (MISD) stream
Single instruction, single data (SISD) stream
Multiple instruction, multiple data (MIMD) stream
Parallel Organizations
Cache Coherence and The MESI Protocol
Software and Hardware Solutions
The MESI Protocol
Exclusive
Shared
Modified
Vector Computation
Approaches to Vector Computation
IBM 3090 Vector Facility