Stigma
Self-stigma
Public stigma
MHL can be very helpful, once they receive knowledge and when fill out the surveys, the answers can be more positive
MHL may not be so helpful, receiving and understanding knowledge may not change the anticipated help-seeking behaviors)
Practice
Knowledge
Behaviors
No significant increase in help-seeking attitudes, signifiant reduction in depression sitgma (Gulliver et al., 2012)
Self-stigma to seek help significantly reduced; No signifiant reduce in personal and perceived stigma to mental illness (Chow et al., 2021)
Mental illness self-stigma (e.g., “If I had a mental illness, I would be less satisfied with myself"; Jeritt et al., 2013)
Help-seeking self-stigma (e.g., "It would make me feel inferior to ask a therapist for help"; Vogel & Wade, 2006)
Help-seeking public stigma (e.g., “People will see a person in a less favorable way if they come to know that he or she has seen a psychologist”; Komiya, Good,& Sherod, 2000)
Mental illness public stigma (e.g., "Most people would not hire a former mental patient to take care of their children, even if he or she had been well for sometime"; Link, 1987)
Self-stigma related constructs (Barney et al., 2010)
Shame (e.g., "Feel inferior to other people")
Social inadequacy (e.g., Feel like a burden to other people)
Self-blame (e.g., Think I should be stronger)
Self-compassion components (Neff, 2003; 2023)
Mindfulness
Common humanity
Self-kindness
Self-compassion and self-blame (criticism) (Killham et al., 2018), shame (Sedighimornani et al.,2019), social inadequacy.