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John Stuart Mill Classical Liberal - Coggle Diagram
John Stuart Mill
Classical Liberal
Way of Living
No one true way
or
right way
to live
In 'On Liberty (1859)', he argues
in favour
of free speech
= a way to create a free market of arguments
= to allow for open criticism of beliefs that are false
Harm Principle
Suggests that
state intervention
is needed & justified
only when an action restricts the freedom of others
THEREFORE:
is acceptable to
harm oneself
but
not anyone else
(e.g: a liberal should not ban smoking outright, but smoking in cars/bars/restaurants should be banned
Causing oneself serious harm may well affect others (e.g: family members) = should also be prevented
Role of Government
Must be
restricted
to
allow individual liberty
and
prevent tyranny
BUT:
government should be
able to interfere
when necessary
to protect society
Ideas on Tolerance
Argued
in favour
of tolerance
= society should accept and celebrate a range of lifestyles, religions, beliefs and cultures
Would lead to a range of ideas competing against each other
= leading to human progress, development & improvement
Utilitarianism
= human pursuit of pleasure -
he
argued there were higher and lower forms of pleasure
Higher pleasures: associated with middle-class values (e.g: music and theatre)
He claimed these were
superior
and more progressive to lower forms (as enjoyed by working classes)
Universal Suffrage (US)
Concerned that US would lead to tyranny of the majority
In 'On Liberty,' explores how individual freedom could be protected
argued franchise should be based on educational qualification
BUT
also supported vote for women
Later in Life
Changed his view about limited role of the state & argued liberalism should
tackle social problems > blaming working classes for disadv. that they are not responsible for