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Anarchism Principle Beliefs - Coggle Diagram
Anarchism Principle Beliefs
Origins
Philosophical anarchism originated in the Enlightenment - born with right to liberty but are constrained by society and government, arguing morally perfect beings were able to use private judgement.
Anarchist communist movement in the nineteenth century, insisting not he immediate abolition of state
Kropotkin
.
Collectivist anarchism based on industrial development and th plight of the working class rather than the peasantry- described as decentralised socialism
Bakunin
Individualist anarchism had a largely peaceful and naturalistic tendency in the US
Thoreau
, more violent in Europe
Stirner
and egotistical.
Human Nature
Three different conclusions about human nature.
People are self-interested or egoistical, and cooperate only if they believe to benefit.
Max Stirner
The ego was an essence of every individual, the individual is entitled to everything on earth, so if they are true, thee should pursue that aim.
Major influence upon individualit anarchism, modern existentialism and nihilism.
Opposed to the state, religion and ideology (denial of individial conscience) threats to the exercised of egoism.
Appear to promote individual liberty but in practice suppress it.
Growth of egoism would challenge the authority of the sttae.
Champion of unrestrained individual liberty, private propoerty abolition as well as any moral restraints that might inhibit the individual
‘Unions of egosim’, united in the common interest of pursuing their joint interests.
These unions would eventually replace the state.
People are born without any basic nature, society with all its faults writes our character.
Led to the assertion that state and society corrupts individuals.
Natural social order not artificial constructions,
Bakunin
We know the difference between good and evil at brith but are not compelled to act in any way.
People are born rational and sociable, preferring altruism to selfishness.
Share with liberals, suggesting anarchist ideas of being naturally good
Fundamentally, each individual is sovereign and entitled to their own liberty, true freedom consists of individual liberty without any resort to laws
Seek to reconcile the absence of artificial human laws with the protection of freedom.
The State
All anarchists insist that the state must be abolished: either the state is unnecessary or evil and corrupting.
The State is Unnecessary
Mostly anarcho-communists, and some philosophical anarchists who argue this, replaced by voluntary associations
The state forces people into artificial poltiical units and then subjects them to its laws that run counter to individual sovereignty.
The State is Evil
The state and the power it yields is oppressive and corrupting, so is to be resisted and ultimately destroyed.
Anti-Clericalism
Determined anti-religious stance, as they are an artificial construct of mankind, an additional way in which individuals are oppressed.
Promising an afterlife for those who are obedient, echoing Marxism with ‘opium of the people’.
Anarchist Opposition to the Liberal State
Objection to government by consent
Individuals cannot give up their sovereignty to a higher authroity as a denial of basic human nature.
Actions of one government cannot bind the actions of succeeding generations.
Objection to the highly democratic state
Illusion of democracy, rejecting that it could promote a fuller liberty, Rousseau said only the exceptionally well-informed people who understand the interests of everyone, rejecting direct democracy.
Only justification fo him was in small communities
Bakunin argued it was an illusion used to distract from the authoritarian nature of the state- no poltiical equality without economic equality.
The state is an unnatural construction, herding people into a territory falling under the jurisdiction of the government
Anarchism and the Capitalist State
Most anarchists have rejected the state on the grounds that it is based on capitalism, seeing the modern state as an event of capitalism.
Modern anarcho-capitalists deny this connection, proposing a capitalist economic system without a state.
Private property is part of the system that denies the freedom of individuals and capitalism oppresses workers and promotes inequality.
Society