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AC 3.3 - Coggle Diagram
AC 3.3
PRISON
the more previous conviction someone already has, the more likely they are to reoffend. Those serving prison sentences more likely to reoffend than those who received warning, fine or community sentence. This makes it more likely to reoffend.
Marxists argue That is it not surprising that unemployed offenders are more likely to reoffend since they have little change of meeting their needs if they have to survive solely on benefits. - merton's strain theory
right realists argue That 'prison works'. Offenders are rational actors and so the fear of being jailed acts as deterrent to offending. However the high rate of reoffending shows this is not the case. Right realists fail to explain this.
Short sentences don't give enough time to address deep seated issues.
15% cut in number of officers meaning fewer officers to supervise activities that would help their rehab.
Release on temporary licence (ROTL) is intended to allow trusted prisoners out to attend training, employment and job interviews, yet very few are able to take advantage of this scheme due to staff shortages to supervise it.
prisoners earn very little from working in prison and receive only £46 discharge grant upon release.
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according to NACRO, one in nine prisoners have no settled accommodation to to upon release.
Overcrowding and staff cuts( in 2010-2018 Prisons budgets fell by 16%. Staff levels feel by 15%) led to lack of opportunities for activities which would help rehab for example education and training.
POLICE
Overall budget cut by 19%. 20000 police lost in same period as national shortage of detectives. -> dropping investigations including sexual offences, violent attacks and arson.
understaffing and underfunding may mean that police may have to drop serious cases because takes longer to investigate.
Limit ability of agencies such as Locke to achieve social control.
E.g. when new law makes particular crime into a priority , this is likely to mean other offences are neglected to some extent as police are instructed to focus on the new one.
From time to time local police forces hold amnesties where they won't arrest people who surrender illegal weapons. A two week amnesty in London 2017 led to 350 firearms and 40000 rounds of ammunition being handed in.
PROBATION
Inadequate support for needs such as drug addiction, mental health and homelessness.
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Failures by privatised rehabilitation companies which have been criticised for not meeting targets and for poor supervision of offenders.
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CPS
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Head of CPS said in 2018 that CPS and police taking to investigate thousands of cases efficiently. Including rapes, fraud and modern slavery - and both organisations were critically short of skills and resources needed to combat crime.
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