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4.1 What effect can one species have on the other species in a community?,…
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4.1.1 Investigate and determine relationships between biotic and abiotic factors in an ecosystem, including:
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4.1.1b the impact of biotic factors, including predation, competition and symbiotic relationships
Trophic level
Trophic levels are the system that is used to describe the flow of energy through living organisms. Every organism gets its energy from the organisms they consume or if it's a primary producer they get its energy from the sun.
Decomposers
Decomposers are organisms that break down dead matter, organic material or detritus. In some trophic levels decomposers are usually the last level, they receive the least amount of energy as a result.
Producers
In the tropic level produce is the first level, these organisms, mostly plants, produce their own food, they can also be called autotrophs. All producers rely on photosynthesis to live
Autotroph
Some species known as autotrophs produce their food to survive also known as producers, they make their nutrients and energy from light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals. An example of an autotroph is a saltwater couch, this plant produces its nutrients and energy from the water and sunlight it receives through the process called photosynthesis.
Heterotroph
Unlike autotrophs, some species depend on other living organisms for food, and heterotrophs are species that eat other plants or animals for energy and nutrients.
Photosynthesis
The process that allows organisms to turn light energy into chemical energy. During this process, green plants capture light energy which is used to turn water, carbon dioxide and minerals into oxygen and energy-rich organic compounds like glucose.
Food Chain
Like trophic levels, a food chain demonstrates the order of nutrients and energy that organisms are experiences in an ecosystem.
Food Web
Food webs are more detailed food chains that are able to show more than one producer or second consumer, they are a collective group of food chains that are found in a single ecosystem.
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Predation
The relationship where one animal kills another for the benefit of prolonging life and reproduction.
Predator
Predators are animals that eat other animals to survive. Animals that they prey on are called prey, example of this can be a wolf to a deer or a cat to a mouse.
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Prey
Prey are organisms that are killed by another for food, these animals that kill prey are called predators, example of this could be fish to a shark or nearly every living thing on earth to humans.
Competition
Competition is the struggle between two organisms that compete for the same resources. Resources, like, food, water, shelter, light, territory and substrate. An example of this would be a fox and a pig competing for the same bird.
Interspecific
The competition between two or more different species in an environment for limited resources, such as food, water, and habitat. An example of this could be lions and hyenas competing for the same gazelle.
Intraspecific
The competition between two of the same species in an environment for its limited resources, such as food, water, mates. Only the strongest organism in that species will survive whic makes it easy for a species to adatp to its environment.
Symbiosis
The interactions or relationships between two organisms in an environment. Whether both or either of those organic benefits. Types of symbiosis that exist are commensalism, mutualism, parasitism and predation.
Commensalism
The interaction between two organisms where one benefits but the other is neither harmed nor benefited. An example of this could be a shark and suckerfish.
Mutualism
The interaction between two organisms where each benefit, an example of this could be a pollinator and a flower.
Parasitism
The interactions between two organisms where one benefits and the other is harmed or killed, an example of this could be a dog and a tick.
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4.1.1d predicting consequences for populations in ecosystems due to predation, competition, symbiosis and disease
Carrying capacity
A species' average population in a given environment. The species population is limited to he the number of available food, shelter, water, and mates, if these resources increase or decrease the average population will fluctuate accordingly.
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3.3.2 a and b (ACSBL034, ACSBL093)
- evolution of the horse
- evolution of the platypus
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Consumers
The following level of trophic levels after the producers are consumers, in most ecosystems there are only three levels of consumers, primary, secondary and tertiary consumers. Consumers must get their energy and nutrients from other organisms, they can also be called heterotrophs.
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Herbivores
An organism that only eats plants or producers is called a herbivore, these organisms are usually primary consumers like wild rabbits, grasshoppers and plankton
Carnivores
Carnivores are organisms that only eat the flesh of other organisms. An example of this could be a lion or a cat
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Omnivores
Organisms that eat both plants and the flesh of other orgasms are called omnivores, an example of this is humans, they get their energy and nutrients from meat and vegetation.
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3.2.2 Investigate, through secondary sources, the observations and collection of data that were obtained by Charles Darwin to support the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection, for example:
- finches of the Galapagos Islands
- Australian flora and fauna
3.2.2 a and b
- finches of the Galapagos Islands
- Australian flora and fauna
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