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THEORIES OF INTERNATIONALIZATION - Coggle Diagram
THEORIES OF INTERNATIONALIZATION
INTERNATIONALIZATION FROM THE
ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE
Types of theories
1.3. Dunning's Eclectic Paradigm
Linked to the ideals of:
Dunnig
Establishes:
Four conditions for direct investment abroad
Second
Export them by themselves
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Third
Profitability of production plants abroad.
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First
Possess own advantages
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Quarter
You must have affinity with the long-term strategy
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Deploy on a system:
The theory of
transaction costs
Theories of location and
International Trade.
The contributions of the
industry organization theorists
1.5. Competitive advantage model of
nations (systemic competitiveness)
In accordance with:
Porter
International markets depend on:
Costs of productive factors
They are divided into: :
Basics:
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Advanced:
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Efficiency relative to cost
Important elements to consider:
Domestic Demand Conditions
It means that:
The greater the customer demand, the greater the company's effort to satisfy them.
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Related Industries
Where:
The existence of multinational companies provides international competitiveness to the country
The degree of rivalry in the sector
Drives:
Innovation or search for new markets
The role of government in the international competitiveness of the company
Try:
Increase business competitiveness
1.2. Internationalization Theory
It is based on:
(Buckley y Casson, 1976)
Focused
on:
Preventing costs in the future
Associated with:
The imperfections of foreign markets.
Guarantees:
International benefits
Internal processes for the transfer of business information.
Raises
Two conditions for direct investment abroad.
Existence of advantages when locating activities
abroad.
It is directed to:
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Organizing such activities may be more efficient than selling or assigning them to companies in the foreign country in question.
Based on:
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1.1. Theory of Monopolistic Advantage or Theory of Industrial Organization. Kindleberger (1969)13 and Hymer (1976).
According to:
text
Hymel (1976)
Examines at the business level the types of:
Exclusive competitive advantage
Differential mark:
Value added to the market
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1.4. Macroeconomic approach
Focuses on:
Vernon (1966)
Express as:
US companies trade and invest internationally
Kojima (1973)
Say what:
His theory has a macroeconomic focus on FDI
It intends to explain:
The reasons that companies have to carry out the IDE
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Study:
The trajectory of Japanese companies
Its intention is:
Improve the productivity of recipient countries
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It is characterized by:
Produce at lower costs than local companies
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INTERNATIONALIZATION FROM THE
PROCESS PERSPECTIVE
2.2. The innovation model
Stands out:
The cumulative nature of decisions
Front of:
internationalization
Innovation
Internationalization is:
A business innovation process
In particular:
For small and medium businesses:
Is required:
A broad commitment
Being within the limits imposed by the market
Next to:
The internal capabilities of the company
Stages:
Domestic market
Pre-exporter
Experimental exporter
Active exporter
Committed exporter
2.3. Systemic planning model
According to:
Root (1994)
The five steps are:
Measurement of market opportunities
Statement of objectives
Input mode selection
Formulation of the marketing plan
Execution
2.4. Vernon's Product Life Cycle Model
It is based on:
Vernon (1966)
Delete:
The unrealism of the theory of comparative advantage
Implementing:
Product innovation
Scale economics
Uncertainty
Stages:
Introduction:
It is given by:
Added value based on company assets
With the objective of: : :
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In the country of origin
Growth:
Increase:
The export activity
Investments in manufacturing plants
In countries with:
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Maturity:
It is here when:
Manufacturing is diverted to countries with cheaper labor
Decline:
Abandonment of: : : :
The country of origin
2.1. The Uppsala model ‒ Nordic School
Indicates that:
Resources increase by gaining more experience in activities
Its stages are:
Sporadic or non-regular activities export
Exports through independent representatives
Establishment of a branch
business abroad
Establishment of production units in the foreign country
The psychological distance
Tends to:
Incorporate through the psychologically closest country market.
There are 3 situations:
Lots of resources available
Stable market conditions
Gain significant market experience