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Questionnaires - Coggle Diagram
Questionnaires
Response rate
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Eg. if half the sample completes a questionnaire, then the response rate is 50%
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Reasons for non-response
The person refuses to participate. Reasons may include no time, no interest, upsetting topic or is embarrassed
Contact is made, but the interview cannot be conducted because the person is ill, deaf, experience some personal tragedy or can't speak english
Failure to make contact because people have moved, are on holiday, in prison, working away from home or simply out when the researcher tries to get in touch
Paper self-completion questionnaires usually have a higher competition rate than online questionnaires.
Disadvantages
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When designing questionnaires, researchers impose their concerns and priorities rather than reflecting those of the respondents
When Concepts and beliefs are operationalised they don't always measure what they are supposed to measure
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Interpretivism
POV
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They argue that operationalizing concepts has little chance of discovering the meanings which direct action.
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The questions reflect the researchers' concerns and priorities rather than those of the participants.
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Ethics
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It must be made clear that they are giving their consent voluntarily and that they can withdraw at any time
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It is important that the questions are clear and unambiguous and that the participants are able to understand the words and phrases used
If participants can't understand the questions they might feel stupid defensive or offended and this might affect their answer
Positivism
POV
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This makes it possible to use statistical tests to discover any correlations, possible links, between the data
The survey can be replicated using the same questionnaire and a similar sample
Advantages
Social Surveys using questionnaires can be a cost-effective way to collect large quantities of data from large numbers of people over a relatively short period of time
The results of a questionnaire survey can be fairly easy to quantify especially if closed questions are used
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Coding answers
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Open questions are coded after the answer has been given. It is sometimes difficult to code and quantify a written answer
Open Questions
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More suitable for data on meaning and beliefs where respondents are required to express how they feel
Operationalisation
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It is often difficult to assess whether operational definitions provide valid measurements eg. does regular attendance at a place of worship mean strong religious belief