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Social influence: Part 2 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - People who scored high of the F-scale showed high respect for people who are viewed as "strong" in society (rich white upper class) and disliked "weak" people - These people showed Authoritarian Aggression - condem, reject and punish people who go against conventional ideals - Adorno suggested that these people had their personality shaped early in life by strict authoritarian parenting and harsh physical punishing - linking ideas to Feud , Ardorno suggested anger for their parents was placed onto others, mainly minority groups - this is known as reaction formation
        
        Evaluation: :check: Supporting evidence - Elmes and Milgram interviewed some pptc's that had taken part in Milgram's first four studies and found that pptc's who shocked 450v had a higher score on the F-scale
        :no_entry: Response bias - All questions written in one direction meaning agreeing to all questions will label someone as authoritarian
        :no_entry: Little ecological validity - very unlikely that all the Nazi's had authoritarian personality
- - - - Supporting research - Holland - in a replication of Milgram's study pptc's were assessed for internal or external locus of control - 37% of those with an internal LOC refused to continue to the highest sock level compared to 23% of those with an external LOC - those with a high internal are able to resist orders
      - Supporting research - Oliner and Oliner (1988) interviewed 2 groups of non-Jewish people who had lived through the holocaust. They also interviewed 406 people who protected and rescued people jews from Nazi's and 126 who didnt - the rescuers were found to have high internal LOC
        
        Evaluation: :no_entry: Many people able to resist social pressure in Milgram, Zimbardo and Asch's study - 24% did not conform in Asch's line experiment - 35% refused to give a shock up to 450v in Milgrams experiment - Most guards refused to conform to the social role of being an aggressive guard in Zimbardo's experiment - significant number of people able to resist social pressures
  - - - Supporting evidence - Milgram - a variation in Milgram's study where there were two other pptc's who were acc confederates and disobeyed the experimenter - the presence of the confederates who disobeyed reduced obedience to 10% - social support provided by other pptc gave them the confidence to reject the person of authority
- - - - Minority influence (consistency) - Moscovici - Aim: To observe how minorities can influence majorities.
        Procedure: A lab experiment - Pptc's were in a group with 2 confederates (the minority) and four pptc's (the majority) - Everyone was shown 36 blue slides, each with a different shade
        of blue - They were each asked to say whether the slide was blue or
        green - Confederates deliberately said they were green on two-thirds of
        the trials, thus producing a consistent minority view - The number of times that the real participants reported that the
        slide was green was observed - A control group was also used consisting of participants only – no
        confederates..
        
        Findings: When confederates were consistent in their results 8% of the pptc's said the slide was green - when confederates were inconsistent 1% of the pptc's said the slide was green - consistency is crucial for minority to influence majority
        
        Evaluation: :no_entry: Methlodology lacks mundane realism - lacks ecological validity because the extent to which findings can be generalised is limited :check: Lab experiment - high control of variables - likely to be replicable
      - Minority Influence (flexibility) Nemeth (1986) - Used groups pf 3 pptc's and 1 confederate in 2 conditions - in the first, the confederate (minority) would show inflexibility by arguing for a low level of compensation for a victim of an imaginary ski lift accident and not changing from that level - in the second the confederate showed flexibility by raising his offer slightly - in this flexible condition the majority were much more likely to lower their compensation level
        
        Evaluation: :no_entry: Artificial stimuli of the ski lift (pptc's know its not real and the money is a fake scenario) -lacks external validity
      - 2 types of consistency: Diachronic consistency - Group remains consistent over time - they do not change their views overtime
        Synchronic consistency - Group is consistent between all members of the group - everyone in the group has the same views and therefore supports one another
- - - - Governments can bring about social change in majority population quickly by changing and enforcing laws