Torah
Currents
Conservative (Believing that the Torah is binding but is continuously being developed by rabbis.)
Reformed (No longer binding except for the ethical aspects.)
Orthodox (Adhering to the traditional interpretations of the Torah and that it can't be changed.)
Genisis
Adam (The first human created, placed in the Garden of Eden) 
Eve (Created to help Adam and was made from his rib, placed in the Garden of Eden soon after he was.)
Tree of knowledge of good and evil (A tree that the Lord at put in the middle of the garden of Eden and appointed Adam to tend to it.)
Garden of Eden (Terrestrial paradise inhabited by Adam and Eve.)
Serpent (Tempted Eve to eat from the tree of knowledge.)
Expulsion (When God banished Adam from the Garden of Eden for eating the fruit of knowledge.)
Noah (The ninth decent of Adam.)
Abram (Called by the Lord to leave his country and people and journey to a new land, where he will become the founder of a new nation.)
Ishmael (A prophet along with Abram's first son.)
Sarah (The wife of Abram and the mother of Isaac.)
Hagar (The wife of Abram and mother of Ishmael.)
Terms
Covenant (An agreement.)
The Book of Job (An account of a man named Job who questioned the Lord as to why he had so much unwarranted suffering and how he remained faithful throughout it all.)
Messiah (A savior, redeemer to the Jewish.)
Apocalyptic Prophetic (Focuses on what's happening outside of history, outside of this realm.)
Early Prophetic (Focuses on this realm and what's happening in history.)
Pharisees (Promoted the idea of purity for all Jews and taught that besides the commandments, Oral Law was also passed down by Moses.)
Sadducees (Denied the resurrection of the dead, the existence of spirits, and the obligation of oral tradition, emphasizing acceptance of the written Law alone.)
Essenes
Some were celibate, disdained marriage and adopted children
Others believed that marriage and procreation were needed if the group was to continue and not disappear.
Zealots (To rebel against the Roman Empire)
Second temple destruction (In 70 CE the Romans reclaimed Jerusalem and destroyed the Second Temple, a temple sacred to jews.)
Rules
13 Principles
That God alone is to be worshipped
That God communicates to prophets
The eternity of God
That Moses is the greatest prophet
The incorporeality of God
That the Torah was given by God
The absolute unity of God
That the Torah is immutable
The existence of God
That there is divine providence
That there is divine punishment and reward
That there will be a Messiah
That the dead will be resurrected
Commandment 10 (Thou shalt not covet anything that belongs to thy neighbor.)
613 (Not to retain her for servitude after having relations with her—Deuteronomy 21:14)