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Axis Powers- Road To War, image, image, image - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Führerprinzip
        
        This meant that all power was concentrated in the hands of Hitler, who was viewed as the infallible and all-powerful leader of the nation.
      - Nazi Party
        
        Was the only legal political party in Nazi Germany. All other political parties were banned, and political opposition was ruthlessly suppressed. Totalitarian.
        
        The leaders were responsible for enforcing Nazi policies at the local level and maintaining control over the population.
      - Legal System
        
        The legal system in Nazi Germany was also highly centralized and controlled by the Nazi Party.
        
        The judiciary was subservient to the party, and judges were expected to follow Nazi ideology and policy in their rulings.
        
        Political opponents, Jews, and other "undesirables" were subjected to arbitrary detention, imprisonment, and execution without trial or due process.
    - - Lebensraum
        
        The Nazi belief that the Germans must control Lebensraum (living space) in the “East” drove Nazi Germany’s foreign policy.
      - Anschluss
        
        German: “Union”, political union of Austria with Germany, achieved through annexation by Adolf Hitler in 1938. Invasion of Rhineland, Saarland and Sudetenland.
      - Grossdeutschland
        
        ideology of expanding German territory and creating a "Greater Germany"
    - - State Capitalism
        
        The government played a major role in directing the economy.
        
        Private enterprise was allowed, but the government tightly controlled it through regulations, subsidies, and other interventions.
        
        The government pursued policies of autarky, or self-sufficiency, in which the country aimed to produce as much as possible domestically in order to reduce its dependence on foreign trade.
    - - Race
        
        Nazis believed that the Aryan race was superior to all other races. They considered Jews, Roma, and other minority groups as "subhuman".
        
        Prevent "racial mixing" through laws and policies that forbade marriage or sexual relations between Germans and people of other races.
        
        Anti semitism
      - Anticommunist
        
        Adolf Hitler saw communism as the enemy of their own brand of authoritarianism and sought to eradicate it from Germany and the world. In 1933, soon after coming to power, the Nazis banned the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) and arrested thousands of its members.
      - Expansionism
        
        Nazis believed in the need for a strong military and the expansion of German territory through conquest and colonization, with the goal of establishing a "Greater Germany."
    - - The Hitler Factor
        
        Orthodox view
        
        Hitler had a fanatical will and a consistent program of aggression (Hugh Trevor- Roper, Alan Bullock, Andreas Hilgruber, Klaus Hildebrand). Hitler was an unprincipled opportunist constrained by internal politics, and responding to the ebb and flow of events in a flexible manner.
        
        Revisionist view
        
        Most revisionists reject the idea of Hitler being an all-powerful leader in complete control of events. They portray him as a referee controlling bitter disputes between competing factions, individuals and organizations within Nazi Germany. The revisionists have highlighted the high level of internal rivalry between competing centers of power within the Third Reich. (Karl-Dietrich Bracher, Martin Broszat, Hans Mommsen)
    - - Important Characters
        
        Heinrich Himmler
        
        Head of the SS, which was responsible for the Holocaust and other atrocities.
        
        Adolf Hitler
        
        Leader of the Nazi Party and Chancellor and later Führer of Germany.
        
        Joseph Goebbels
        
        Propaganda Minister and one of Hitler's closest advisors.
- - - - "Mussolini's foreign policy was ineffective, immoral, designed to grab headlines and to please Italian public opinion, and it lacked any clear objectives"
    - - "Mussolini might have been an opportunist but he did have a coherent set of aims in his foreign policy. Most important were to achieve living space for Italians in north Africa and the Middle East. "
- - - - Japan's aggression in Asia was driven by a combination of economic, social, and political factors, rather than solely by militaristic or expansionist ideologies.
    - - Japan's motivations were more complex and nuanced and a range of economic, social, and political factors were at play.