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biology B3 - Coggle Diagram
biology B3
EYE
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long sighted - unable to focus on near objects, lens doesn't bend enough, eyeball too short. use glasses or contacts with convex lens
short sighted - unable to focus on distant objects. lens bends light too much or eyeball too long, distant objects bought into focus infant of retina, use concave lense or corneal laser surgery
BRAIN
cerebrum - responsible for concience, intelligence, wrinkly bit on outside
Hypothalamus- maintaining body temp,
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problems with study - if severally brain damaged, may be unethical as no informed consent, rely on donating brains
good - if part of brain damaged, the effect it has on the patient can tell a lot about what the damaged part does. may use FMRI scanners that show which parts are activated when performing certain tasks
Hormones
produced in endocrine glands, released directly into blood, all over the body but only affect particular cells
adrenaline - adrenal glans, prepares body for fight or flight. binds to receptors in heart, causes heart muscles to contract, this inc blood flow to muscles for inc respiration
negative feedback -when body detects the level of a substance has gone above or below the normal triggers a response to bring back to normal.
Thyroxine - thyroxine gland, regulating metabolic rate, important for growth
sex hormones
testosterone - main male sex hormone,
oestrogen - main female hormone - in ovaries, in menstrual cycle
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menstral cycle - FSH , Oestrogen, LH, Progesterone
FSH too low, eggs mature no ovulation so no pregnancy. can be injected
IVF collecting eggs and fertilising them in lab, then transferred into uterus
Plant hormones
auxins - growth at tips and shoots, in tips it diffuses backwards to stimulate cell elongation process.
Auxins change direction of Root and shoot growth, positive Phototropic - exposed to light, more toxin on side in the shade, makes it grow faster on shaded side so bends towards light
Shoots negative gravitropic - gravity produces an unequal distribution more axis on lower side so bends upwards.
Roots pos gravitropic - more axis on lower side, extra auctions inhibit growth, cells on top elongate faster.
Roots neg pHOTOTROPIC - more auxins move on shaded side, the auxins inhibits cell elongation. on the shaded side so the roots bend backwards into ground
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nervous system
made up of neutrons, the body has lots of sensory receptors which can detect a change in your environment (stimulus).
When a stimulus is detected by receptors the info is sent as nervous impulses along sensory neurone to the central nervous system. the CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord, co-ordinates a responce. CNS sends info to motor neuron the effector then resonces.
Stimulus, receptor, sensory neurone, CNS, motor neurone, Effector, Response
neuron - long branched endings so they can connect with other neurone. the cell body has dentures coming off it with an axon (long line ) attached, surrounded by fatty insulating sheath.
Kidney
balancing level of water in body, control how much water is lost in urine, get rid of waste. million of little structures inside called kidney tubes
concentration of urine controlled by anti-diuretic hormone this is released into blood stream by pituitary gland