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WATER AND ITS MANAGMENT - Coggle Diagram
WATER AND ITS MANAGMENT
Global water distribution
oceans = 97%
fresh water = 3%
groundwater = 30,1%
ice caps and glaciers = 68,7%
surface water = 0,3%
lakes = 97%
swamps = 11%
rivers = 2%
other = 0,9%
The water cycle
precipitation
surface run-off
interception
infiltration
through-flow
ground water flow
transporation
evaporation
condensation
Water supply
sources
Ground
Wells
Aquifer
Rivers
Reservoir
Cisterns
Sea
Destilantion
Water usage
Domestic
Drinking, cooking, washing, flashing the toilette and laundry
Industrial
Vast range of industrial process
Agriculture
Irrigation
Water quality and ability
Potable water
More wealth population
More people can work together to gain safe water
Scarcity of water
People health is affected
Population decreases
Multipurpose dam projects
choice of site (where to build)
Disadvantage
Social
Relocting people
Environmental
flooding land
disrupting the life cycles pf fich and other aquiatic organisms
Altering the water suply for people downstream of the dam
Reducing the enrichment of soil sownstream of the dam (which flooding of the original river course would have contributed to)
The dam may become redundant as sediment in the river sinks to the bottom of the reservoir (siltation)
Economic
Advantages
Environental
Flood control
Irrigation
The provision of water
Creation of habitat for wetland species
Economic
The generation of electricity in hydroelectric power plants
Social
Turism and leisure
Acces by boat to otherwise inaccessible areas
Sustainability
Solution to electricity generation
Problems in the operation in long term
Dams structure can detariorate and fail
Negative efects on the surrounding environment
Dams ar not necessary sustainable solutions
Water pollution and its sources
Domestic waste
Sewage treatment
Sewage outfall
Screening tank
First settling tank
Oxidation
Second settling tank
Discharge the effluent
Sludge digester
Impact of water pollution
Sewage treatment
More filtering of the effluent
Create an even more clean water
Infectious bacterial
Typhoid and cholera
Toxic substances from industrial processes
accumulated in
lakes
rivers
Bioaccumulation of toxic substances
in food chains
the effect of acid rain on organisms in rivers and lakes
damage plants and materials
finishes are dying
leaves and branches are dead
can cause suffocation
essential minerals are washed out
in conclusion acid rain affect the hole ecosystem
nutrient enrichment leading to eutrophication
The nutrients and organic matter can reach water directly as sewage and from other surces
Ther it could be an increase in nutrients and that created the algae
Then the bacteria is created because when the algae die, there is an increase in organic matter that acts as food for this.
The bacteria use up the oxygen and than cause the reduction in oxygen levels in the water of a eutrophic lake
Managing pollution of fresh water
improved sanitation
pollution control and legislation
treatment of sewage
Managing water-related diseases
antimalarial drugs, vector control, eradication
safe drinking water (potable water) supply
boiling and chlorination