in layer IVC are similar to the magnocellular and parvocellular LGN neurons providing their input.

generally small monocular center-surround receptive fields.

Outside layer IVC (and somewhat within), new receptive field characteristics, not observed in the retina or LGN, are present.

most neurons in layers superficial to IVC are binocular, responding to light in either eye.

We say that the neurons have binocular receptive fields

they actually have two receptive fields, one in the ipsilateral eye and one in the contralateral eye.

the two receptive fields of a binocular neuron are precisely placed on the retina such that they are “looking” at the same point in in the contralateral visual field

Outside layer IVC, we encounter cells that no longer follow this pattern.

many neurons in V1 respond best to an elongated bar of light moving across their receptive fields. But!

bars perpendicular to the optimal orientation generally elicit much weaker responses

Neurons having this type of response are said to exhibit orientation selectivity.

preferred orientation remains the same for all the selective neurons encountered from layer II down through layer VI.

this radial column of cells is called an orientation column.

analysis of stimulus orientation appears to be one of the most important functions of the striate cortex

Many V1 receptive fields respond when a bar of light at the optimal orientation moves perpendicular to the orientation in one direction but not in the opposite direction.

hallmark of neurons receiving input from the magnocellular layers of the LGN.

What do we know about the inputs to V1 neurons that might account for binocularity, orientation selectivity, and direction selectivity in their receptive fields?