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biology b1 - Coggle Diagram
biology b1
cells
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animal cells
nucleus - contains DNA in chromosomes, that controls the cells
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cell membrane - holds cell together, controls what goes in and out. contain receptor molecules, used in cell communication
plant cell
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ridged cell wall - made of cellulose, gives support
chloroplast - photosynthesis happens, contain green substance chlorophyll
bacteria cell -
chromosomal DNA - controls cell activity, floats free in cytoplasm. long strand in middle
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how are they studdied
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electron microscope
allow to see things in more. detail like internal structures of mitrocondria. allows us to have a much greater understanding of sub-cellular structures
DNA
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DNA is a double helix, made up of nucleotides joined together in long chains = polymers
base - a (adenine), c (cytosine), G (guanine) and T (thymine)
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Respiration
transferring energy from the breakdown of glucose, happens in all living organisms - Its a universal chemical process
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2 types, aerobic and anarobic
aerobic - plenty of oxygen needed, most efficient way way to transfer energy for gluscose
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anaerobic - not the best way to transfer energy, transfers less energy per glucose molecule
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plants and fungi - under certain conditions this may happen eg waterlogged soil, glucose --------- ethanol + carbon dioxide
microscopes
light microscope
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objective lense - magnifies image, usually there are 3
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prep
take.a thin slice using tweezers, take a clean slide, use pipette to put 1 drop of water in middle to keep specimen in place, put specimen on slide. add drop of stain. place cover slip at one end holding it an angle, carefully lower and press down gently so no air bubbles
view
clip down onto stage, select lowest objective lens, use adjustment knobs, look through eyepiece until in focu and clear image, produce a scientific drawing
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photosynthesis
using sun as a source to make glucose, used to make larger molecules that the plants and algae need to grow, these make up the organisms biomas. this then works it way up the food chain,
happens inside chloroplast, which contains chlorophyll that absorbs light
happens in 2 stages, energy transferred by light is used to split water into oxygen gas and hydrogen ions. Carbon dioxide gas then combines with the hydrogen ions to make glucose.