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EQ1 HOW AND WHY DO PLACES VARY? - Coggle Diagram
EQ1 HOW AND WHY DO PLACES VARY?
regenerating placs
engaging with a place
a part of a geographical space with a distinctive identity and character shaped by individuals and communities
physical landscape
results of geology and landscape processes such as erosion
human landscapes
often linked to physical factors
regeneration
involves developing and improving a place by making positive changes
rebranding
involves a place marketing, where a place is given a new or enhanced identity to change people's perception often for economic reasons
re-imaging
making a place more attractive and desirable to invest and live in or visit
Wandsworth
historical identity
22,000 industrial workers Wandsworth during the 1900s
pride is being working class with strong community ties across the working class neighbourhood
industry and hard work created a strong attachment to the area and community
though there were high poverty rates, pride, community and shared hardships generated a strong identity
economic restructuring
when economies shift from blue - collar industrial economy to an expanding service sector
new clienteles are wealthy, international, and highly skilled, working in tertiary and quaternary sectors
the nature of these jobs exposes people to globalisation, creating an international identity characterised by being connected around the world
almost 70% of new leases and purchases of property in these areas are from foreign buyers - Malaysia, China and Russia
these people will have a weaker sense of place and identity
Nine Elms on the South Bank - "buying culture"
council are attempting to drive new cultural movement combining the area's rich industrial history with its new industrial population
£55 million has been devoted to this cultural revitalisation
the council are attempting to forge a new identity amongst the young professionals sculpted by multiculturalism and divestity
social improvements are being used to generate a new sense of identity
Winstanley Estate regeneration
earmarked for regeneration in 2012 following London riots
high crime rates and some of the highest levels of deprivation in London
£1.4 billion devoted to demolishing the estate and replacing with modern housing
many of the inhabitants welcome the investment but are concern that they will be bypassed by regeneration
there is a strong sense of attachment to the place
Battersea Reach Development
nearby regenerated neighbourhoods are extremely luxury with apartments costing on average £500,000
there are subsided options but considerably less than initially planned and far less than the area requires
residential led regeneration is threatening the strong identity that inhabitants of Winstanley Estate has
gentrification
a change in social structure of a place when affluent people move into a location. Panners may also upgrade places characteristics targeted deliberately at a certain socioeconomic class
social = the arrival of middle class people
economic = arrival of investment targeted at the middle class
demographic change
positvies
new investment brings new busineses
new and higher quality housing
gentrified neighbourhoods are cleaner, safer and less crime
economic growth
may slow down urban sprawl
negatives
changes the places culture
cost of living increases and so does cost of housing
often replaces the people who built the community
displacement of low-income household to low income areas
= cycle of poverty
community tension and conflict
London Docklands in 1900
Europe's largest port connecting London with the rest of Europe and even North America
1980
as trade expanded ship size increased but the Thames was too shallow and narrow to accommodate these new vessels and so the docklands fell into despair
12,000 jobs were lost and 60% of adult males were unemployed across East London
many wider industries closed and there was widespread dereliction along the river
NOW
London Docklands development was formed in 1981 with the focus on encouraging growth
Brought key players together: property owners, architects, construction company and investors
the process was known as market-led regeneration - leaving the private sector to make decisions about the future of Docklands
the LDDC focused on three things
economic growth
infrastructure
housing
re imaging
Garden Festivals - reclaiming derelict or abandoned land - greenery, investment, artwork and culture
Cost between £25m - £70m
aimed to shape the inner city as vibrant, acctractive and clean
economic growth
The LDDC's flagship project was Canary Wharf now London's second Central Business District
high rise buildings replacing docks and industry
the drive behind the regeneration was to create high-earning jobs
employment has grown and East End is no longer one of the UKs most deprived areas but poverty is still present
infrastrucuture
extended the Jubilee Line
Developing the Dockland Light Railway
building new roads such as the Limehouse Road link
creating London City Airport to provide access to Canary Wharf and the City for business travellers
popualtion and housing
many older people have moved out
older residents have been replaced by a younger generation
the ethnic composition of the East End has always been diverse but large-scale immigration since 2000 has increased its mix
functional changes
historically industrial
now administrative and extremely high end residential
demographic changes
areas remain diverse and multicultural
mass arrival of young professionals
wealthier households
elite migration