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Motivation across cultures, Eden; Matsui and colleagues; culture-bound -…
Motivation across cultures
Motivation
A psychological process through which unsatisfied wants or needs lead to drives that are aimed at goals or incentives
Content Theories
Achievement Motivation Theory
Internation Findings
what arouses, energizes, or intiates employee behavior
Maslow's Need Hierarchy
International Findings
Herberg's Two-Factor Theory of Motivation
Hygiene
Motivator:
Internation Findings
Applied Motivation
Job design
A job’s content, the methods that are used on the job, and the way the job relates to other jobs in the organization
Quality of work life (QWL) is not same throughout world
QWL directly related to culture
Work Centrality
The importance of work in an individual’s life can provide important insights into how to motivate human resources in different cultures
Value of work
Overwork impacts on physical condition
Reward System
Used to motivate
Significant differences between reward systems
Cultures
Base compensation on group membership
Use of various financial incentive systems
Motivated by recognition, achievement, work environment, etc
Affect overall cost of an incentive system
Process theories
Expectancy Theory
Motivations is influenced by a person's belief
High performance lead to high satisfaction
International Findings
How employee is initiated, redirected, and halted
Goal Setting Theory
How individuals set goals and respond to them
Specific areas
Level of participation in goal setting
Goal difficulty, Goal specificity
Importance of objective
Timely feedback to progress toward goals
International Findings
Norwegian employees have union representative work with management
Inconsistent indidual participation in goal setting
U.S employee pariticpation in goal setting is motivational
Equity Theory
Treated equitbaly
= positive effect
The Universalist Assumption
people are motivated to pursue goals they value
Universal process
Culture influences specific content and goals
Motivatio differs
Eden; Matsui and colleagues; culture-bound