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Anemia Review - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Can lead to a vasoocclusive crisis
        
        tissue ischemia, hypoxia
        
        Pain for the patient
        
        Lungs: acute chest syndrome
        
        Spleen: splenic sequestration
    - - Pain Management
      - Adequate hydration to prevent sickle cell crisis
- - - - PICA
        
        Craving for nonfood items (ice, sand, dirt, paint chip)
      - Koilonychia = spoon shaped nails
      - Blue Sclera
    - - Iron Supplement
        
        Dark stool can occur
        
        Risk of iron toxicity for children
        
        Can stain teeth
        
        Take it with vitamin c for better absorption
        
        Avoid taking it with milk, coffee, or tea = can limit absorption
        
        Can cause GI upset/constipation
    - - Pregnant women
      - Increased risk for excessive bleeding (iron loss)
        
        Teenagers (menstruation)
        
        GI Bleeding (NSAID use)
- - - - Lack of dietary intake
        
        Sources: dark, leafy greens; fortified grain products
    - - Folate deficiency can lead to neural tube birth defects
        
        Spina bifida
        
        Anencephaly
    - - Glossitis (inflammation of the tongue and mouth)
      - NO Neurological manifestation
  - - - Role in DNA synthesis
      - Role in nerve function (myelin sheath)
    - - Nervous System Manifestations: numbness, paresthesia (pins and needles)
      - Glossitis (inflammation of the mouth and tongue)
    - - Lack Vitamin B12
        
        Lack of Intrinsic Factor
        
        Lack/ removal of the Parietal cells (lack of absorption)
        
        Gastric bypass
        
        Autoimmune destruction = loss of parietal cells
        
        Lack of dietary intake
        
        At risk: vegans
        
        Food sources: animal foods (meats, dairy, eggs)
      - Absorption Issues
        
        Intestinal/Absorption Issues