RELIGIOUS REFORMS
The catholic church in crisis
authority of the Catholic Church
being challenged
not honouring its spiritual principles
ailing to adapt to the times.
humanism
emphasised
value of humans
promoted individual interpretation of the Bible
buying and selling of indulgences was introduced
exchange for money given to the church
more relaxed
Church was resistant to change
catholic society believe
sin was the root of all evil
The protestant reformation
first religious reform of 16th century
German friar Martin Luthe
1517
opposed Pope Leo X’s proposal
Luther wrote his Ninety-five Theses criticising indulgences.
pope asked luther
retract his theses
he was excommunicated
he developed his own doctrine
lutheran ideas spread
Holy Roman Emìre
Emperor Carlos V intervened
calvinism
protestant ideas spread
Humility and austerity
Belief in predestination
Strict adherence to the Bible
only expression of God’s will.
every one is bron
to be saved or condemned.
financial and social success were not punished.
The english reformation
religious reforms
more politically motivated than theologically
King Henri VIII asked the catholic church
annual his marriage
pope refused
act of Supremacy
44-year reign of Elizabeth I
religious doctrine combined aspects of
Lutheranism
Catholicism
The influence odf calvinism
in France were called Huguenots
Calvinists in the Low Countries, Scotland and England
successful in the south of the kingdom
Puritans
believed that the Church of England
purified of the influence of Catholicism.
The catholic reformation: the counter-reformation
catholic church
tried to stop the spread
with a internal reform--> Counter-Reformation
Council of Trent was held
programme of changes was formulated
Vulgate Bible was the only valid version
seven sacraments and worship of the Virgin Mary and saints were maintained
Church’s hierarchical structure was reaffirmed
Priests and the high clergy
better discipline and training
the Inquisition was strengthened
a list of prohibited books
was created
Compañía de Jesús was created by Ignacio de Loyola
to promote Catholicism.
the council of trent
a meeting that took place in the Italian city of Trent
1545-1563
25 sessions of debate
