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2.1 B1diet and nutrition = ergogenic aids - Coggle Diagram
2.1 B1diet and nutrition = ergogenic aids
pharmacological aids
Recombinant erythropoietin (Illegal)
a synthetic product copying the natural erythropoietin responsible for red blood cell production
how are they taken?
- injection
how are they detected?
- through blood or urine samples
Benefits on the body =
increases red blood cell and haemoglobin count, increases oxygen transport and aerobic capacity
Benefits on performance =
increases intensity and duration of performance before fatigue
negative side effects =
increase blood viscosity, increases risk of blood clots and heart failure, decreases cardiac output
who takes it? -
endurance athletes
such as marathon runners, triathletes
Human growth hormone (Illegal)
a synthetic product copying the naturally produced growth hormone to increase protein synthesis for muscle growth, recovery and repair
how are they taken?
- injection
how are they detected?
- through blood tests
benefits on the body =
increases muscle mass and strength, increases fat metabolism and decreases fat mass, increases blood glucose levels
benefits on performance =
increases speed of recovery, increases intensity and duration of performance
negative side effects =
abnormal bone and muscle development, enlargement of the vital organs, increases risk of certain cancers
who takes it? -
maximal and explosive strength performers
power lifters, body builders, sprinters
Anabolic steroids (Illegal)
a group of synthetic hormones which resemble the male hormone testosterone and are taken to promote protein synthesis and muscle growth
how are they taken?
- tablet, capsule, solution and cream form
how are they detected?
- through a urine sample
Benefits on the body =
mimics testosterone, increases muscle mass and strength
Benefits on performance =
increases speed of recovery, increases intensity and duration of training
negative side effects =
cause aggression, paranoia, liver damage, hormonal disturbances
females =
facial hair and deepening of the voice
males =
testes shrink, sperm count decreases and hair loss
who takes it?
- maximal and explosive strength performers
such as sprinters, throwers and rugby players
physiological aids
Intermittent hypoxic training (Legal)
a method where athletes live at sea level but train under hypoxic (low partial pressure of oxygen) conditions
how are they taken?
- a mask is worn supplying low ppO2 during exercise
an altitude generator will control the % of O2 in the air
how are they detected? -
through blood samples
benefits on the body =
increases red blood cells and oxygen carrying capacity, increases mitochondria and delays OBLA
benefits on performance =
acclimatisation for events at altitude, increases intensity and duration before fatigue
negative side effects =
may lose motivation and disrupt training pattern, dehydration and benefits can be lost if it stops
who takes it?
- endurance performers
such as marathon runners, triathletes and game players
cooling aids (legal)
a range of products such as ice baths, vests and packs used to reduce core temperature, treat injury and speed up recovery
how are they taken?
pre-event = ice vests and cold towels can be used to reduce core temperature in a bid to sustain intensity and speed
injury treatment = ice packs and sprays can be used to treat injury by reducing pain and swelling
post event = ice baths speed up recovery by reducing DOMS and exercise-induced muscle damage
how are they detected? =
N/A
benefits on the body =
reduce core body temperature, decreases sweating, dehydration and early fatigue, decreases injury pain and swelling
benefits on performance =
increases speed of recovery and repair
negative side effects =
ice burns and pains, hide or complicate injury, chest pain and reduced efficiency in the elderly
who takes it? -
endurance athletes in hot climates, games players in contact sports
Blood doping (Illegal)
a illegal method of increasing red blood cell content
how are they taken? -
a volume of blood is removed from the athlete
the blood is frozen for around 4 weeks prior to competition
the body naturally replenishes the lost blood and a couple of hours before an event the red blood cells are reinfused
how are they detected? -
through blood samples/tests
benefits on the body =
increases red blood cell and haemoglobin count, increases oxygen transport and aerobic capacity
benefits on performance =
increases intensity and duration of performance before fatigue
negative side effects =
increases blood viscosity, decrease cardiac output, increases risk of blood clots and heart failure
who takes it? -
endurance athletes
such as long distance runners and cyclists
Nutritional aids
Hydration (Legal)
Creatine supplementation (Legal)
Glycogen loading (Legal)
Caffeine (Legal - in competition monitoring programme to detect misuse)
amount, composition and timing of meals = strength training (Legal)
Bicarbonate (Legal)
amount, composition and timing of meals = endurance training (legal)
Nitrates (Legal)