Considers the organization as composed of a social system, technical system and its environment. These interact among themselves and it is necessary to balance them appropriately for effective functioning of the organization.

Recognizes that organizational systems are inter-related with their environment and that different environments require different organizational relationships for effective working of the organization

• Sociotechnical systems are influenced by the organizational context such as the goals, and culture of the organization. Designers and managers need to ensure that their systems are aligned with the organizational objectives and strategies.

• Systems need to perform effective and efficient in order to achieve their intended goals. This can involve optimizing the technical and social components of the system, such as reducing system complexity, improving user training and support, and enhancing system feedback.

Sociotechnical systems are complex and dynamic, and can be vulnerable to various forms of disruption, such as cyberattacks, natural disasters, and human error. It is essential to design systems that are resilient and can quickly recover from disruptions.

• Sociotechnical systems can have significant ethical implications, such as issues related to privacy, data security, and algorithmic bias. Designers and managers need to consider these ethical considerations and ensure that their systems are designed and operated in a responsible and ethical manner.

Systems should empower users and provide them with control. This can involve designing systems that are easy to use, customizable, and adaptable to different user needs and preferences.