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Kylie Fraile Period 5 Reproductive System - Coggle Diagram
Kylie Fraile Period 5 Reproductive System
Major Functions of both Male and female reproductive system
form gametes (sperm and ova)
bring gametes together through copulation (sexual intercourse)
combine genetic info from gamete through fertilization and form zygote
support gestation (development of fetus) and parturition (birth)
Female reproductive anatomy
Uterine Tubes:
fallopian tubes recieves ovulated oocyte. USUAL SITE OF FERTALIZATION has INFUNDIBULUM: funnel shaped opening into peritoneal cavity. During ovulation, uterine tube CAPTURES oocyte
uterus:
hollpow thick walled organ RECIEVE AND RETAIN AND NOURISH FERTALIZED OVUM. has reigions: the body (major portion) Fundus (rounded superior region) Isthmus (narrowed inferior region) Cervic (narrowed neck)
Female Duct System:
uterine tubes, uterus and vagina
Ovaries:
female gonads, produce ova, secrete female sex hormones. Paired structures flank the uterus each held in place by ligaments. OVARIAN AND SUSPENSORY LIGAMENT. OVARIAN FOLLICLES: tiny saclike structures embedded in cortex has oocyte
uterine wall:
Bperimetrium: outermost serous layer
myometrium:
bulky mid layer
endometrium:
mucosal lining
Vagina:
functions as BIRTH CANAL, PASSAGEWAY FOR MENSTRUAL FLOW, ORGAN OF COPULATION, vaginal secretions are acidic
external genitilia- vulva:
includes mons pubic (fattu area overlying pubic symphysis ) labia majora (fatty skin folds) labina minora, vestibule, clitoris
Anatomy of Male system
testes:
each surrounded by 2 tunics TUNICA VAGINALIS (outer layer) & TUNICA ALBUGINEA divided testez into lobules have 1-4 seminiferous tubules
site of sperm production
sperm travels from epipidymis to vas deferens to rejaculatory duct to urethra
Primary sex organs (gonads):
testes
sperm conveyed from seminiferous tubules to straight tubules to rete testis to efferent ductules to epipidymis
scrotum:
sac of skin and superficial fascia hangs outside abdominopelvic cavity at root of penis have paired testes and lower temp needed for sperm production
accessory sex glands:
seminal glands, bulbo-urethral gland and prostate
epididymis:
sperm mature, during ejaculation it contracts and expels sperm
vas deferens:
tube that allows the sperm to leave the epididymis
penis:
male copulatory organ external genitlia. has root and shaft that ends in
glands penis
prepue/foreskin
cuff of loose skin covering glans, erectile tissue of ct and smooth muscle
corpus spongiosum:
paired dorsal erectile bodies
corpora cavernose:
paired dorsal erectile bodies
Seminal Glands
: smooth muscle that contracts during ejaculation, produces alkaline seminal fluid that neutralizes vaginal secretions
prostate: gland:
encircles urethra, secretes milky, slighlty acidic fluiod ROLE IN SPERM ACTIVATION
Bulbourethral gland
: produce viscous fluid that has mucus and acts as a lubricant
Female hormones
worls with estrogen to establish and regulate uterine cycles, promotes changes in cervical mucus, effects of placental progesterone
estrogen:
progesterone
promotes oogenesis and follicle growth in ovary, exerts anabolic effect, induce sex characteristics (growth of breasts, increased deposit of subcutaneous fat, widening of pelvis) metabolic effects, keeps low total blood cholesterol and high HDL levels
estradiul, estrone, estriol
male hormones
testosterone
Promotes development and maintenance of male sexual characteristics; prompts spermatogenesis and targets all accessory organs; multiple anabolic effects throughout body
The ovarian cycle
follicular phase:
vesicular follicle growth (1-14 days) several vesicular (antral) follicules become SENSITIVE to FSH, fsh levels drop around the mid of this phase. dominant follicle outcompetes other follicle, only one to continue on.
Monthly -28 days, maturation of egg
luteal phase:
period of corpus luteum (14-28) AFTER ovulation, rupture follicle collapses and antrum fills with clotted blood the remaining cells form corpus lutuem. secretes progesterone and some estrogen. IF NO PREGNANCY , corpus luteum degenerates into corpus abican (scar) IF PREGNANCY placenta takes over
hormonal regulation of ovarian cycle:
1
. gnrh stimulates FSH and LH secretions
2
. FSH and LH stims follicles to grow mature and secrete sex hormones.
3:
negative feedback inhibits gonadotropin release
4.
positive feedback stimulates gonadotropin release
5.
LH surge triggers ovulation and formation of the corpus luteum, estrogen levels decline
6.
negative feedback inhibits LH and FSH release
uterine (menstrual cycle)
proliferative (preovulatory) phase (days 6-14)
secretory (postovulatory) (days 15-28)
menstrual phase (days 1-5)
ovarian hormones at LOWEST, gonadotropin levels rising
rising estrogen levels prompt generation of new stratum functionalis layer. the layer thickens, glands enlarge and ovulation occurs at end of proliferative phase on day 14
endometrium prepares for embryo to implant if feralization DOESNT HAPPEN, corpus luteum degenerates towards end of secretory phase and progesterone levels fall. Endometrial cells die and glands regress/ blood vessels fragment and functional layer sloughs off and uterine cycle starts all over agin on 1st day of menstruation
LH
: stimulate ovary release to mature ovum follicle ruptures turns into corpus luteuem, secretes progestrone, troggers changes in the uterus prepares for pregnancy
FSH:
stimulate ovary to mature in ovum released by hypothalamus
Disorder:
Trichomoniasis:
parasitic infection. green yellow vaginal discharge with strong odor
chlamydia:
bacterial infection, can be contracted from birth canal. symptomsL painful intercourse, irreg menses, tesiticualr, abdominal, recatal pain, penile and vaginal discharge. treatment with antibiotics
ginorrhea:
bacterial disease caused by a Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Most asymptomatic; bacterium that causes inflammation of the genital mucous membrane, burning pain when urinating, and a discharge
-antibiotics as treatment
Syphilis
: Bacterial infection transmitted sexually or congenitally. Caused by Treponema pallidum. Infected fetuses can be stillborn or die shortly after birth. Bacteria invades mucosae or even broken skin. Tertiary syphilis is characterized by gummas, lesions that develop in CNS, blood vessels. Treatment: penicillin
hpv:
Group of ~40 or more viruses is most common STI in United States. Over 50% of adults are infected during lifetime. Cause of genital warts. 80% of cases of invasive cervical cancer are linked to some strains of HPV
genital herpes:
Caused by herpes simplex virus. ifficult human pathogens to control because most do not know they are infected/ Characterized by latent periods and flare-ups with vesicle formation. Can be passed on to fetus. Congenital herpes can cause malformations. treatment: antiviral drugs can reduce duration and intensity of flare-ups
Contraceptives
spermicides: behavior barrier (not very effective)
tracking ovulation: behavior barrier (not very effective)
Male sterilization: vesectomy, cut/block vas dferens (EFFECTIVE)
Oral pill: chemical barrier taken daily, risk blood clots spotting
female sterilization: getting fallopian tubes cut or blocked (effective
internal condom: mechanical barrier inside vagina, effevtive
iud: mechanical barrier two types in uterus, can effect menstrual flow, effevtive