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CHARACTERISTICS OF INSTITUTIONS IN THE HISTORY OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION -…
CHARACTERISTICS OF INSTITUTIONS IN THE HISTORY OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION
The Maktab (Kuttab)
Curriculums
Apart from learning the Qur’ān, it included
reading and writing, Arabian moral tales, heroic stories, and proverbs.
Teaching methods
Children learned better taught in classes instead of individual tuition from private tutors, and it was given a number of reasons for why this is the case: the value of competition and emulation among pupils, as well as the usefulness of group.
The Masjid, Halqah
Curriculums
In the Mosques, where scholars who had congregated to discuss the Qurʾān, scholars began to teach the religious sciences to interested adults.
Teaching Methods
Each mosque contained several study circles, so named because the teacher was, as a rule, seated on a dais with the pupils gathered in a semicircle before him.
The method of teaching emphasized lectures and memorization.
Lectures were recorded in notebooks
Suffah
Teaching methods
Prophet Muhammad used to sit with them, chat together in Suffah
Curriculums
Muhajirun were learning the Quran and sunnah.
Palace Schools
Teaching Methods
Instead of sending their children to madrasa, wealthy families hired private tutors.
Curriculums
Private tutors taught their students Arabic, literature, religion, mathematics, and philosophy
Curriculum is not just taught in schools run in royal palaces. In addition to the books, social and cultural studies were also designed, prepares students for higher education and public service for the government of the caliphs or for society. The exact content of the curriculum was determined by the monarch, but rhetoric, history, ethics, poetry and fine art speeches are contained.
Libraries, Bookshops
Teaching methods
Scholars and students spent long hours in this bookstore to browse, peruse and review available books, purchase favorite selections for their special libraries. Thus contributed to the spread of learning
Curriculums
Any scientific subject
Literary Salons
Teaching Methods
Lessons were held with the method of interpreting oral texts by the young people through entertainment.
Curriculums
Literary Salons are environments where religious and secular knowledge are blended, literature and oral history are performed, and cultural identity is constantly interpreted.
The Madrasa
Curriculums
While the curriculum included religious knowledge in the early days, secular sciences were excluded. In later times, secular sciences such as logic, mathematics, philosophy, music, medicine, astronomy, chemistry, history and politics took their place in the curriculum besides religious sciences.
Teaching Methods
Madrasahs were based on foundations that paid the scholarships of the students and the salaries of the scholars. Education focuses on the individual relationship between student and scholar. The madrasahs used to provide the teaching method with an institutionalized certificate system (
ijazah
).
• The candidate for teaching and fatwa approval had to successfully defend his theses in oral debates.
• This legal methodology became pervasive, and developed into a concentration on the acquisition of dialectical skills, pushing the literary arts into the background.