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THE CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS - Coggle Diagram
THE CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS
CAUSES
US
Monroe Doctrine (1823) gave US right to intervene if any other power attempted to establish authority in LATAM
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US wanted to protect economic interests in Cuba - reduced sugar imports in response to Cuba nationalisation of oil companies
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US didn't recognise USSR actions as defensive, JFK made a crisis by making the news public
USSR/CUBA
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Khrushchev misunderstood US mentality - thought that they would allow missiles so close to US shores
RESULTS/SIGNIFICANCE
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Khrushchev criticised by Communists in USSR, Castro and Mao
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Increased push for global nuclear disarmament - 1963 Test Ban Treaty, 1968 Non-Proliferation Agreement
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BACKGROUND
Fidel Castro took over Cuba from pro-US Fulgencio Batista, implemented reforms that gave land back to peasants (from US companies)
Castro began as socialist revolutionary but became Communist after anti-US sentiment and pressure to pick a Cold War side led him to contact USSR for support, who sent over officials in 1960
In the 50s USSR regarded LATAM as US sphere of influence but when Castro's socialist revolution succeeded they took notice - USSR foreign minister returned from trip to Cuba with glowing account of the Revolution
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CONCLUSION
With the small sacrifice of prestige, USSR gained a Communist ‘ally’ near the US, removed threatening nuclear warheads from Turkey and started a move towards nuclear disarmament that reduced the ‘missile gap’ between themselves and the US.
Future measures to avoid a repeat of the crisis were set up - 1963 and 1968 nuclear agreements, along with the hotline to avoid the delay of diplomats in resolving crises
The fact that neither side acted despite coming to the brink of nuclear war confirmed the efficacy of M.A.D., but also demonstrated the missile gap between US and USSR up to 1962, with US managing to get a much favourable deal
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