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I Always Feel Tired - Coggle Diagram
I Always Feel Tired
Preventive Methods for Common Hematological Disorders
Healthy Diet
Healthy Weight
Regular exercise
Blood Checkup
checks if you need
Anemias
Decreased production of RBCs Anemia
Aplastic
causes
Exposure to toxic substances
-Cancer therapy
-Autoimmune disorder such as RA
-Viral Infection such as Hepatitis and HIV
-Damage to the stem cells in Bone Marrow responsible for blood cell production
-Weakened Bone Marrow
Megaloblastic
types
Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia and folate deficiency anemia.
causes
-Lack of intrinsic factor
-Malnutrition
-Gastrectomy
-Digestive disorders
-Alcohol abuse
Iron-Deficiency
it is
Deficiency of iron is the most common nutritional disorder in the world
causes
Dietary lack
Impaired absorption
Increased requirement ( pregnancy)
Clinical features
Pallor and weakness
Shortness of breath
Palpitation may lead to heart failure
Koilonychia
Angular cheilitis
Chronic blood loss
Hemolytic anemia
It is
Increased rate of destruction of RBCs compared to rate of production
types
Disorders of RBC cell membrane (spherocytosis and elliptocytosis)
Disorders of lipid synthesis (lecithin )
Glycolytic enzymes deficiency
Hexokinase deficiency
G6PD deficiency
Hemoglobinopathies
Sickle Cell Disease
it is
Hereditary hemoglobinopathy characterized by the production of defective hemoglobin
type of
Thalassemia
it is
Inherited disorders caused by mutations that decrease the synthesis of a- or B-globin chains.
types
B-Thalassemia
alpha-thalassemia
a-thalassemia is caused mainly by deletions involving one or more of the a-globin genes.
type of
affect structure
RBC
their formation
types
RBC Indices
Measurements that describe the size and hemoglobin content of the RBC
abnormal result example
Hemoglobin
its synthesis
its structure
Iron transport
Degrading of hemoglobin causes iron release
Hematopoietic & Lymphoid organs
Primary
Bone Marrow
purpose
responsible for producing all types of blood cells
damage causes
Secondary
Lymph nodes
Spleen
MALT
purpose
responsible in mediating immune responses.
Hematinics
it is
Hematinics are nutrients that are essential for the formation of blood cells
their importance
Their deficiency can lead to anemia
examples
Iron
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B9
Examinations
History & its importance
examples of what to look for
Family History
Environmental Exposures
Symptoms
Melena or Hematemesis
Abdominal Pain or Chronic Blood loss
Diet
can cause
can cause
Lymph Nodes to be Examined
Hematopoiesis