Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Urban Models_SO_J2_Q3_HC 7_complexe & spontane stad - Coggle Diagram
Urban Models_SO_J2_Q3_HC 7_complexe & spontane stad
Theoretical model ordered complexity
Warren Weave
r (Jane Jacobs) -
Eassay Science & Complexity
Phase 1 - simple problems
(classical dynamics) analyze problems
with 2 or 3 variables
examples (comparison model & in urbanism)
Model = billiard (3 balls)
HOWARD, Ebenezer - Garden City
variables
Landscape (green spaces)
Build space (buildings, infrastructure)
Format = abstraction & simplification
resulting in big scientific progress
Phase 2 - unordered complexity
(20th century)
Invention of statistics -> models with millions of variables
examples
Model
snooker or the galaxy (many balls/objects;
all in movement and related)
Urbanism
Result:
handle more factors & possibility to predict
Progress in solving simple problems
(more related factors),
but still something important seemed to be missing
Cities are not places with 30.000 people, understand cities as one large complex system with millions of inhabitants
Urbanists/scientists (Le Corbusier) loved this and thought:
now we can transform the chaos (system) which we call society and make a smooth/good working city
1 more item...
Critics: (Jane Jacobs)
2 more items...
Understand general aspects of systems, but not any specific elements within the systems
(% of unemployment, how high will crime rate be whe this are the factors, predict national population growth, which education type, age etc. or predict ... amount of traffic at ... hour in a town, based on numbers of people and working times of different sectors/levels) for example
Statistics: 1/3 of the marriages will fall, you want to know your own situation (as person/ municipality/city;
specific elements
)
Phase 3 - ordered complexity
Interrelatedness of variables
is the most important (amount of variables is less important) and is
not random, but ordered
Model
People tried to understand and calculate flying behaviou/patterns of a starling swarn with models but couldn't find a solution
Human thinking fault
: there is a
hierarchy
(or priority in factors)
(1 boss that leads the rest, or there are just 1 million randomly flying birds)
Truth = it's about a network of around 5 birds that follow a few rules (1 - fly to the centre of the swarn) (2 - don't hit other birds/come very very close)
(3 - those 5 birds are connected to another five and they are connected to another 5, and so on)
Unfortuately mordern thoughts about cites differ from mordern thinking of biosciences, with dashboards and registration of factors/ traffic numbers etc.(smart cities) emphasizes a vision of simple problems or problems of unordered complexity (don't look at intrerrelatedness/the whole)
1 more item...
people think the owl/hawk (preditors) are on top (hierarchy), but if you mow the grass, rabbits will search higher grass to hide/prefer the now mowed blueberry bush and the ecosystem changes/collapses (other species will also disappear)
1 more item...
Urbanism meaning
Nature = ecosystem (so are people),
so the city is a ordered complex (eco)system
Frei Otto
Olympic stadium Münich
1 more item...
construction principles based on natural processes
1 more item...
Bernard Rudofski
architecture without architects
Cities in Latin/South America kind of just orgininated without a master plan
1 more item...
not one ordered complex problem that explains everything, but as a complex (space) of interrelated segments (= ordered complexity)
very small and obsecure (onduidelijk) elements, which can be easily overlooked, but that are vital for the whole.
Complexity is the strength
Because of interdependence fragile and easily disturbed
How to include/contain/provide ordered complexity in urban planning?
Coop Himmelb(l)au
Situationism / complexity
First plan rational
(costs, tech, values etc.), but
at 1 point blind planning (phase), so unexpectedness will occur
(like the chinses vase glued with gold)
Urhahn
The spontaneous city
Zoom in
/ reducing/decreasing the scale
Embracing (omarmen) a development proces that serves many initiators at the same time and different places.
Identify local needs, relevant actors and their vision on possibilities or obstables is essential.
Zoom in = also factor of time: think in small steps (make progress)
Openness, flexibility, surprises and variation in urban development
(collective values -> charateristics of a neigbourhood, sphere/choherence (samenhang))
(broad public of participants, broad opportunities & specific chances)
(user-orientated & problem solving manner of users & future challenges, investment (micro financing)
Functions, architecture, density & lifestyles change constantly, so a neighbourhood should be able to adapt easily
Non-linear development
Bernard Tschumi
Park de la Villette
Design different layers (logically & aesthetics
, for example: we need pathways, trees, . . . benches, ... m2 of restaurants etc.)
and stack these layers on top of each other (unexpectedness in design)
OMA
Euralille
hotels, conference room etc.
Put a lot of different people together, every once in a while a presentation/plan, afterwards the people are making random designs with spontaneous ideas -> include these nice elements into your design/plan
Debord
Pychogeographics
An Important quality of cities = wandering (derive) through them
(different fragments with different characteristics)
Forditst cities
are bad places for unexpected opportunities
Relates to: Hank & generic cities
(rational, lineair, efficiënt places, excludes coincidence & meaningless -> everything is the same (humans = same/machines)
Relates to: Jane Jacobs & sideway ballet: pavement is not only for moving from A -> B (fordist), but where life happens
Offer opportunities & chance encounters = valuable city
Hard to make: trick =
put the unexpectedness in your designing proces (so in your design)
