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ETHNIC DIFFERENCES IN ACHIEVEMENT - INTERNAL FACTORS - INSTITUTIONAL…
ETHNIC DIFFERENCES IN ACHIEVEMENT - INTERNAL FACTORS - INSTITUTIONAL RACISM
Critical Race Theory
Sees racism as an ingrained feature of society
Includes intentional individual racism + institutional racism
Locked-in Inequality
Institutional racism is a 'locked-in inequality'
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Marketisation + Segregation
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Individual Racism
The results from the prejudiced views of individual teachers and others
Institutional Racism
Discrimination that is built up into the way institutions such as schools + colleges operate
Charles Hamilton - Institutional Racism
Institutional racism 'is more subtle and less identifiable'
Gilborn
Argues that marketisation gives schools more scope to select pupils, it allows negative stereotypes to influence decisions about school admissions
The Commission for Radical Equality
Identified biases within Britain
It noted that racism in school admission procedures means that ethnic minority children are more likely to end up in unpopular schools
The report identifies 4 reasons
Reports from primary schools that stereotype minority pupils
Racist bias in interviews for school places
Lack of information + application forms in minority language
Ethnic minority parents are often unaware of how the waiting list system works + the importance of deadlines
The Ethnocentric Curriculum
Ethnocentric = an attitude/policy that gives priority to the culture/viewpoint of one particular ethnic group, while disregarding others
Many sociologists see the ethnocentric curriculum as a prime example of institutional racism because it builds a racial bias into the everyday workings of schools + colleges
Troyna + Williams
Languages, Literature + Music are examples of the ethnocentric curriculum
Troyna + Williams note the lack of quality + quantity in providing teaching for Asian languages as compared to European languages
Miriam David
Ethnocentric Curriculum = 'specifically British' + largely ignored non-European languages, literature + music
Ball
Criticises the National Curriculum for ignoring ethnic diversity + for promoting an attitude of 'little Englandism'
E.g. The history curriculum tried to recreate a 'mythical age of empire + past glories', while ignoring the history of black + Asian people
Coard
Coard explains how the ethnocentric curriculum may produce underachievement
E.g. he argues that this image of black people as inferior undermines black children's self esteem + leads to their failure