Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
antihypertensive drugsSTORAGE - Coggle Diagram
antihypertensive drugsSTORAGE
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors
MECHANISM OF ACTION: prevent an enzyme in the body from producing angiotensin 2. stimulates the conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2, this prevent drown streaming of aldosterone, protons and potassium get excreted into the urine, promote salt excretion by augmenting renal blood flow
NAMES: captopril, enalapril, lisinopril, perindopril, ramipril, fosinopril,
CONTRAINDICATIONS: they are contraindicated to patients with aortic valve stenosis, heart disease, hypovolemia. they should be adjusted to certain age group. They should not be given to patients that are allergic to the drug or pregnant women.
INDICATIONS: reduce hypertension, prevent some diseases like diabetes, improve heart failure by decreasing the load and systolic wall stress, manage chronic kidney disease.
SIDE EFFECTS: dry cough, dizziness, hypotension, syncope, hyperkalemia
ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION: oral and injection
these drugs lower the level of high blood pressure.
Angiotensin receptor blockers
MECHANISM OF ACTION: block the receptors that the hormone acts on specifically AT1 receptors in the heart. block receptor proteins so that the angiotensin cannot bind and constrict the blood vessel. this allows the blood vessels to relax, blocking the action of angiotensin 2 helps lower the blood pressure.
INDICATIONS: treat hypertension, congestive heart failure and diabetic nephropathy
CONTRAINDICATIONS: contraindicated to patients with hypersensitive reaction to the drug. not for patients that are pregnant, lactating and infants. drug adjustment must be considered.
SIDE EFFECTS: headache and dizziness, drowsiness, angioedema, hypoglycaemia, hyperkalaemia.
NAMES: azilsartan, candesartan, eprosartan, losartan, olmesartan, valsartan, telmisartan.
ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION: oral
calcium channel blockers
MECHANISM OF ACTION: +they prevent the calcium from entering the cells of heart and arteries. prevent the flow of extracellular calcium through ion-specific channel that span the cell walls. Reduce force of contraction of electrical activity within heart. they act on vascular smooth muscle.
NAMES: amlodipine, felodipine, nimodipine, nifedipine, isradipine, verapamil, diltiazem.
INDICATIONS: treat hypertension, prevent, treat or improves symptoms of coronary artery disease, chest pain and irregular heartbeats. relax blood vessels and increase supply of blood and oxygen to the heart.
CONTRAINDICATIONS: contraindicated to people with hypersensitive reaction the drug, not for people that are pregnant, lactating or infants. treate heart and liver disease.
SIDE EFFECTS: ankle swelling, flushing and palpitations, reflex tachycardia and hypotension, sedation and constipation.
ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION: Intravenous or oral route
beta blockers
MECHANISM OF ACTION: catecholimines bind to B1 receptors and increase cardiac automaticity and conduction velocity. binding to B2 receptors relaxation of smooth muscle and increase metabolic effects. this causes the heart to beat slowly and less force.
NAMES: atenolol, labetolol, propranolol, metoprolol, bisoprolo
CONTRAINDICATIONS: not to people with drug allergy, not for pregnant women, can lead to peripheral vascular disease and diabetes mellitus.
INDICATIONS: treat tachycardia, hypertension, coronary arteries disease, myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure
SIDE EFFECTS: dizziness and headache, dehydration and muscle cramps, joint disorders and impotence
ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION: oral, intravenous and ophthalmic
Diuretics
MECHANISM OF ACTION: inhibit Na+ reabsorption in distal convulated tubule and K+ secretion. inhibit water and Na+ reabsorption, inhibit bicarbonate reabsorption
NAMES: hydrochlorthiazide, chlorthiazide, furosemide, chlorthalidone, spironolactone
INDICATIONS: treat hypertension, heart failure, refractory edemas, acute renal failure, acute pulmonary edema,
SIDE EFFECTS: dizziness and headache, dehydration and muscle cramps, joint disorders and impotence
ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION: oral and intravenous
CONTRAINDICATIONS: do not use on infants or lactating women, avoid in patients with severe diarrhoea, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, use cautiously in patients with hepatic cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus and pulmonary edema.
Alpha blockers
MECHANISM OF ACTION: prevent hormone norepinephrine from tightening the muscles in the walls of small veins and arteries. blood vessels remain open and relaxed. this improves blood flow and lowers blood pressure.
NAMES: terazosin, doxasosin, plazosin
CONTRAINDICATIONS: contraindicated to patients with hypersensitive to drug, patients with coronary artery disease
INDICATIONS: treat high blood pressure, treat some conditions like affecting the circulatory system, prostate and treat certain type of tumours.
SIDE EFFECTS: slight drowsiness, headache and dizziness, reflex tachycardia and dizziness, vomiting and nausea.
ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION: oral and intravenous
STORAGE CONDITION: store in a cool dry place. keep away from sunlight, keep away from children, dispose correctly.