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antilipemic drugs - Coggle Diagram
antilipemic drugs
Bile acid-binding drugs
MECHANISM OF ACTION: they bind bile acids in the intestines and increase the excretion of bile acids in the blood. this reduces the amount of bile acids returning to the liver and forces the liver to produce more bile acids to replace the bile acids in the stool. in order to produce more bile acids, the liver converts more cholesterol into bile acids which lowers the level of cholesterol in the blood.
NAMES: colestipol, cholestyramine's, colesevelam, colestid, prevalite and questran.
CONTRAINDICATIONS: contraindicated to patients with hypersensitive to drugs, drug adjustment is required according to age group, contraindicated to patients with biliary obstruction and to patient with excess of triglycerides in the blood.
SIDE EFFECTS: constipation, abdominal pain, vomiting, weight loss, bloating, flatulence, gallstones diarrhoea and deficiency of vitamin A,D,E and K
INDICATIONS: for treatment of elevated plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. increase the excretion of bile acids in the blood, reduces the amount of bile acids returning to the liver.
ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION: administered orally
protein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors
MECHANISM OF ACTION: reduce low density lipoprotein uptake. bind to hepatic low density lipoprotein receptors, promote their lysosomal degradation, this lead to increase in low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations.
NAMES: alirocumab, evolocumab, bocucimab, inclisiran.
INDICATIONS: used as an adjunct to manage heterozygous hypercholesterolemia/ clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in patients who require additional lowering of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
CONTRAINDICATIONS: contraindicated to patients with hypersensitive to drugs, drug adjustment when required, avoid giving pregnant, lactating women or infants.
SIDE EFFECTS: muscle pain, feeling cold, back pain, fatigue, nausea, soreness or itching in the site of injection.
ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION: injection.
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors/statins
MECHANISM OF ACTION: inhibit HMG-CoA reductase which is used by the liver to produce cholesterol. this lowers the rate of cholesterol production.
NAMES: Fluvastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin, atorvastatin, lovastatin.
INDICATIONS: first line drug for treatment of hypercholesterolemia, reduce low density lipoprotein levels, increase high density lipoprotein levels, reduces triglycerides.
CONTRAINDICATIONS: contraindicated to patients with liver disease, not given to patients which have allergy to the drug, not for pregnant, lactating women or infants.
SIDE EFFECTS: muscle aches, tenderness, drowsiness, headache, bloating, constipation, diarrhoea, vomiting and dizziness.
ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATIONS: oral medication
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Fibrates
MECHANISM OF ACTION: inhibit production of triglycerides in the liver. suppress the release of free fatty acids from adipose tissue. stimulates cellular fatty acids uptake.
NAMES: gemfibrozil, bezafibrate, ciprofibrate, clofibrate, fenofibrate.
INDICATIONS: treatment of type 3,4 and 5 hyperlipidaemias. reduce the lipids in the body and lipoproteins. they decrease triglycerides in the blood.
SIDE EFFECTS: abdominal discomfort, diarrhoea and nausea, blurred vision and headache, liver studies may show increased function, prolonged prothrombin urine and increased risk of gallstones.
CONTRAINDICATIONS: use cautiously to patients with severe liver or kidney disease, cirrhosis and gall stones, contraindicated to patients with hypersensitive to drugs, dose adjustment is required following age group.
route of administration: oral medication
drugs that are used to lower the level of lipids
STORAGE CONDITION FOR THESE DRUGS: store in a cool dry place, keep away from children, keep away from sunlight, dispose correctly.