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strategies to cope with hazards from earthquakes - Haiti - Coggle Diagram
strategies to cope with hazards from earthquakes - Haiti
Haiti 2010 -
Haiti was hit by a 7.0 MW earthquake in 2010 and caused some devastating social, political and economic impacts
shallow focus = 12km
300,000 houses destroyed, 1.5 million people displaced
Before the earthquake, 50% of Haitians had no access to fresh water, over half had no access to fresh water, and literacy rates were amongst the worst in the world.
Haiti faced political instability due to its corrupt government this meant they had no effective government to control/recover, therefore they had to rely on international organisations giving humanitarian assistance
Modifying Vulnerability:
Following the earthquake, the USGS helped with earthquake awareness and monitoring in the country, with continued support from the USAID
for example a total of 15 seismic stations are now operating in Haiti.
Progress has been made with hazard maps developed where non existed before, showing areas especially at risk, such as areas with softer sediments liable to liquefaction
There is no national disaster risk management plan; there is no 'Japanese' style education programme so that children know what to do in the next earthquake event.
Earthquake resistant buildings?
Perhaps the most pressing problem is the inability of the state to enforce earthquake resistant building design
there is no government approved building code and given that the country has had four presidents and seven prime ministers since 2010, stability and long term planning are not evident.
Modifying Loss:
Short term:
at international donors conference in March, 11 weeks after the quake donors pledged over US$5.3 billion for Haiti's recovery to be spent over two years
45% of US households donaated to Haitian charities
American red cross scheme
US$486,000,000 raised
Only 6 new homes were built
USAID planned to build 15,000 houses but actually built 900
750/900 houses were built 130 miles out of Port-Au-Prince when they were planned to be built only 8 miles out of Port-Au-Prince
donated $44 million for food.
$500 million and split it into sectors
$49 million on water and sanitation efforts
$69 million on emergency relief
$170 million providing shelter