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REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM PATTY GORDON; P1 - Coggle Diagram
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
PATTY GORDON; P1
Major functions of the Reproductive system (male & female)
Male
Develops & maintains organs for the production of offspring
Male system delivers sperm to female
Produce and secrete male sex hormones.
Produce, maintain, transport, & nourish sperm
Female
Develops & maintains organs for the production of offspring
Female system houses & nourishes developing embryo &
fetus
Produce female sex hormones
Produce & maintain sex cells
Anatomy of male reproductive structures
Primary sex organs (gonads) of the male
Testes
Produce sperm & hormones
Ovoid structures suspended by spermatic cord outside
trunk in a sac, the scrotum
Each testis consists of 250 lobules
Internal accessary organs; nurture & transport sperm cells; each associated with the testis
Epididymis; site of sperm maturation and storage leading from the seminiferous tubules
Ductus Deferens; carries sperm from epididymis to urethra
Seminal Vesicle; sitepaired sac-like structures that secrete fluid that makes up large portion of semen into the vas deferens
Prostate gland; chestnut-shaped gland surrounding urethra; secrete milky fluid portion of semen that provide nutrient to sperm
Bulbourethral glands; two glands below the prostate gland that secrete a sticky fluid that lubricate the tip of penis
External accessary organs
Scrotum; outer sac housing the testes suspended by the spermatic cord; help regulate temperature of testes
Penis; a cylindrical organ that conveys urine and semen through the urethra to the outside
More structures
Interstitial cells (cells of Leydig or Leydig cells); lie between the seminiferous tubules and produce the male sex hormones
Ejaculatory duct; unites with ductus deferens and travels through prostate gland
Semen; thick fluid containing sperm and other secretions from the male reproductive system
Capacitation; change that sperm go through to be able to fertilize the egg
Prepuce; foreskin; loose casing that covers the glans penis; removed by circumcision
Corpus spongiosum; mass of spongy tissue surrounding the male urethra within the penis which stiffens for sexual intercourse
Corpora cavernosa; two columns of erectile tissue found in the shaft of the penis
Anatomy of female reproductive structures
Primary sex organs (gonads)
Ovaries
Female gonads that produces sex cells and hormones
Subdivided into an inner medulla and an outer
cortex
Medulla; made up of connective tissue, blood vessels,
lymphatic vessels, & nerves
Cortex; contains ovarian follicles and is covered by cuboidal
epithelium
Secondary (accessory) sex organs
External reproductive organs
Labia majora; enclose and protect the other external reproductive organs
Labia minora; flattened, longitudinal folds between the labia majora
Clitoris; a small sensitive and erectile part of the female genitals at the anterior end of the vulva
Vestibule; space enclosed by the labia minora, into which the vagina and urethra open
Internal reproductive organs
Uterine Tubes (oviducts or fallopian tubes); normal site of 10 cm long canal leading from the ovary to the uterus; normal site of fertilization
Uterus; hollow organ houses the developing embryo and fetus until birth; site of implantation
Vagina; muscular, elastic passageway that extends from the uterus to the outside of the body; birth canal and receives for penis during intercourse
More structures
Ovarian ligament; anchors the ovary medially to the uterus
Round ligament; connects lateral uterus to lateral pelvic wall obliquely
Primordial follicles; produced in ovaries consisting of primary oocyte surrounded by follicular cells
Primary oocyte; a cell that divides to form the polar body and the secondary oocyte
Cilia; hairlike structures that beat in unison to move the egg towards uterine tube
Vulva; area surrounding the openings of the urethra and vagina
Hymen; mucous membrane partially or completely covering the opening to the vagina
Broad ligament; ligament extending from the lateral margins of the uterus to the pelvic wall; keeps the uterus centrally placed and provides stability within the pelvic cavity
Fundus; dome-shaped top portion of uterus
Cervix; lower one-third of uterus; narrow neck between the uterus and vagina; opening into the uterus leading to the vagina
Infundibulum; funnel-shaped opening into the fallopian tube near the ovary
Fimbriae; fingerlike projection of the uterine (fallopian) tubes/oviducts that drape over the ovary
Hormones of the reproductive system
Male
Testosterone; male sex hormone that with FSH stimulates spermatogenesis
Folicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); stimulates sertoli cells of seminiferous tubules to respond to testosterone
Luteinizing hormone (LH); hormone that promotes development of interstitial cells of the testes to produce male hormone
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH); hormone released from the hypothalamus that triggers the anterior pituitary to secrete FSH and LH
Inhibin; secreted by sertoli cells which prevent oversecretion of FSH
Female
Estrogen; primary female sex hormone released by follicle; responsible for thickening of uterine wall and secondary sexual characteristics
Progesterone; hormone which triggers changes in the uterus during menstrual cycle; produced by corpus luteum
Luteinizing hormone (LH); burst or a spike of this hormone will trigger ovulation
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH); hormone released from the hypothalamus that triggers the anterior pituitary to secrete FSH and LH.
Events of the female hormonal cycles
Menustration
Follicular phase
Ovulation
Luteal phase
Anterior pituitary gland secretes FSH hormone &
LH hormone
FSH stimulates maturation of a dominant follicle
Follicular cells produce and secrete estrogens
The anterior pituitary releases a surge of LH, which leads to ovulation
Follicular cells become corpus luteum cells, which secrete estrogens & progesterone
Disorders associated with the reproductive system
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID); inflammation and infection of organs in the pelvic region; may lead to sterility or infertility in females
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS); caused by HIV which destroys body's immunes defenses; can cause death
Chlamydia infection; painful urination and intercourse,
mucous discharge from penis or vagina
Genital herpes; genital sores & fever
Genital warts; warts on genitals
Gonorrhea
Syphilis; Initial chancre usually on genitals or
mouth; rash six months later
Methods of classification of contraceptives
Rhythm method; birth control method that involves abstinence from sexual intercourse a few days before & after ovulation; not effective
Mechanical barriers; birth control methods that prevent sperm from entering vagina during intercourse (male or female condoms, diaphragm, cervical cap)
Chemical barrier; birth control method that contain spermicides (kills sperm) usually used with mechanical barriers (creams, foams, jellies)
Combined hormone contraceptives; birth control containing estrogen & progesterone to prevent pregnancy by preventing follicle maturation and ovulation (chemical ring, pill, patch)
Contraceptive implants; birth control that involves implantation of rod containing progestin under skin in arm can prevent follicle maturation and ovulation for 3 years
Intrauterine devices (IUD); birth control that involves implantation of an object in the uterus that is either toxic to the sperm & egg cells or prevent implantation of embryo
Sterilization; birth control method that involves permanently preventing pregnancy (vasectomy, tubal ligation)