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Lymphatic/Immune System Emely Casillas period 1 - Coggle Diagram
Lymphatic/Immune System Emely Casillas period 1
Major functions of the Reproductive system
male
produce, maintain and transport sperm (the male reproductive cells) and semen (the protective fluid around sperm)
female
producing gametes called eggs, secreting sex hormones (such as estrogen), providing a site for fertilization, gestating a fetus if fertilization occurs, giving birth to a baby, and breastfeeding a baby after birth
Anatomy of male reproductive structures
Seminiferous tubules: produce sperm cells
Interstitial cells: produce and secrete male sex hormones
Epididymis: promotes sperm cell maturation; stores sperm cells; conveys sperm cells to ductus deferens
Ductus deferens: conveys sperm cells to ejaculatory duct
Seminal vesicle: secretes an alkaline fluid containing nutrients and prostaglandins that helps regulate pH of semen
Prostate gland: secretes a fluid that contains citrate, a nutrient for sperm
Bulbourethral gland: secretes fluid that lubricates end of penis
Scrotum: encloses, protects, and regulates temperature of testes
Penis: conveys urine and semen to outside of body; inserted into vagina during sexual intercourse the glans penis is richly supplied with sensory nerve endings associated with feelings of pleasure during sexual stimulation
Anatomy of female reproductive structures
Ovary: produces oocytes and female sex hormones
Uterine tube: conveys secondary oocyte toward uterus; site of fertilization; conveys developing embryo to uterus
Uterus: protects and sustains embryo during pregnancy
Vagina: conveys uterine secretions to outside of body; receives erect penis during sexual intercourse; provides a passageway for offspring during birth process
Labia majora: enclose and protect other external reproductive organs
Labia minora: form margins of vestibule; protect openings of vagina and urethra
Clitoris: produces feelings of pleasure during sexual stimulation due to abundant sensory nerve endings in glans
Vestibule Space between labia minora that contains vaginal and urethral openings
Vestibular glands: secrete fluid that moistens and lubricates vestibule
Hormones of the reproductive system
male
Luteinizing hormone (LH): promotes development of interstitial cells of the testes , which then secrete male hormones (testosterone)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH): stimulates sertoli cells of seminiferous tubules to respond to testosterone
FSH and testosterone stimulate spermatogenesis
Testosterone: Stimulates development of male reproductive organs
female
Estrogens: responsible for female secondary sexual
characteristics
progesterone: (nonpregnant female), which triggers uterine changes during the menstrual cycle
FSH stimulates the maturation of a follicle in the ovary
LH stimulates cells to produce testosterone precursors, which can be converted into estrogens in the ovary
GnRH secretion from the hypothalamus causes secretion of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary
Events of the female hormonal cycles
menstruation
the process in a woman of discharging blood and other materials from the lining of the uterus at intervals of about one lunar month from puberty until menopause, except during pregnancy
the follicular phase
One egg matures completely, your pituitary gland releases follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
ovulation
phase of the female menstrual cycle that involves the release of an egg (ovum) from one of the ovaries (around 14th day)
luteal phase
prepares your uterus for pregnancy by thickening your uterine lining
Disorders associated with the reproductive system
STI's
Human Papillomavirus (HPV): the most common STI, some types can lead to cancer or genital warts
Chlamydia: common STD that can cause infection among both men and women. It can cause permanent damage to a woman's reproductive system
Gonorrhea: caused by infection with the Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacterium
Endometriosis: a disease in which tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus
HIV/AIDS: a virus that attacks the body's immune system. If HIV is not treated, it can lead to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)
Methods and Classification of contraceptives
Behavioral
Abstinence: complete avoidance of sexual intercourse
Coitus interruptus: involves withdrawal of the entire penis from the vagina before ejaculation
fertility awareness: abstinence around fertility periods and ovulation
mechanical
spermicide: a substance that kills spermatozoa, used as a contraceptive.
condom:a thin rubber sheath worn on a man's penis during sexual intercourse as a contraceptive or as a protection against infection
diaphragm: fits inside your vagina and prevents sperm passing through the cervix (must use with spermicide)
chemical
injections: suppresses ovulation, keeping your ovaries from releasing an egg. It also thickens cervical mucus to keep sperm from reaching the egg
pill: "combination pills" containing a mix of the hormones estrogen and progesterone to prevent ovulation
implant:The implant releases a slow, steady dose of progestin (a hormone) into your body. Progestin prevents your ovary from releasing an egg (ovulation)
patch: hormones in the patch stop ovulation (estrogen and progestin)
surgical
vasectomy: The small tubes in your scrotum that carry sperm are cut or blocked off, so sperm can't leave your body and cause pregnancy
tubal ligation: the fallopian tubes are cut, tied or blocked to permanently prevent pregnancy