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Emily Flores P.2 Reproductive System - Coggle Diagram
Emily Flores P.2 Reproductive System
Events of the female hormonal cycles
3.Ovulation
.
In-between Follicular and Luteal phase
Ballooning ovary wall ruptures, expelling secondary oocyte with its corona radiata into peritoneal cavity
Luteal Phase
period of corpus luteum activity (days 14–28)
.
After ovulation, ruptured follicle collapses, and antrum fills with clotted blood
Remaining cells form corpus luteum
Corpus luteum secretes progesterone and some estrogen
If no pregnancy occurs, corpus luteum degenerates into corpus albicans (scar) in 10 days
2.Follicular Phase
period of vesicular follicle growth (days 1–14)
During follicular phase, several vesicular (antral) follicles become sensitive to FSH and are stimulated to grow
1.Menstruation
Phase 2: antral phase stimulated by FSH and LH
Phase 1: gonadotropin-independent pre-antral phase involves intrafollicular
paracrines
Disorders associated with the reproductive system
Hepatitis
Syhilis
Gonorrhea
AIDS/HIV
Chlamydia
HPV/Genital Warts
PID
Trichomoniasis
Genital Herpes
Methods and Classification of contraceptives
Sterilization
:Surgical methods of permanently preventing pregnancy; vasectomy in male (removal of a small portion of the vas deferens, preventing sperm from entering semen), tubal ligation in female (cutting of the uterine tubes, preventing sperm from reaching egg)
Intrauterine Devices (IUDS)
:objects implanted in the uterus are either toxic to sperm and egg cells or prevent implantation of embryo by inhibiting growth of endometrium. thicken cervical muscus
Contraceptive Implants
: implantation of a rod containing progestin under the skin in the arm; can prevent follicle maturation and ovulation for 3 years
Injectable Contraception
:injection of a progesterone derivative prevents follicle maturation and ovulation; works for 3 months
Combined Hormone Contraceptives*
contain estrogens and progestins to prevent pregnancy; disrupt normal hormonal patterns of female cycle, and prevent follicle maturation and ovulation
Major functions of the Reproductive system (male and female)
Male Reproductive System
Testes: produce sperm and hormones
delivers sperm to female
Female Reproductive System
Produce and maintain oocytes and egg cells
houses and nourishes developing embryo and fetus
Transport sex cells to the site of fertilization
Deliver, feed and nurtures off spring
Produce female sex hormones
Develops and maintains organs for production of offspring
Produce sex cells and hormones
Anatomy of male reproductive structures
Testes
Function: Produce sperm calls and secrete male sex hormones
Location: Under penis
Ductud vas deferens
transport sperm cells to the ejaculatory duct
Prepuce
foreskin of the penis, floppy skin that covers the head of the penis
Ejaculatory duct
travels through the prostate gland, and empties its contents into the urethra
Prostate
Description/Location:chestnut-shaped structure that surrounds the urethra at the base of the urinary bladder
Function: Secretes a thin, milky fluid that contains citrate (nutrient for sperm) and prostate-specific anitgen
Epididymis
Tightly coiled tube that is connected to the testis, leading from the testis to the ductus vas deferens
Urethra
tube from which urine and semen exit from
Bulbourethral gland
Location: located inferior to prostate gland
Function: secretes mucus into the urethra, so that it lubricates the tip of the penis in response to sexual stimulation
Penis
Description: contains specialized erectile tissue, which stiffens for sexual intercourse
Function: transports urine and semen to the outside of the body
Body of the penis
Biggest part of the penis it contains the urethra
Scrotum
Description/Location: pouch of skin and subcutaneous tissue that houses the testes
Function: Protects and helps regulate the temperature of the testes
Glands penis
Location: tip of the penis
Function: where urine and semen exits the body
External urethral orifice
where urine and semen exit
Anatomy of female reproductive structures
Uterus
Location: sits below the ovaries
Function: Receives the embryo from the uterine tube
Labium lumen
surrounded by the three wall layers of the vagina
Ovaries
Location: right under the uterine/fallopian tubes
Function: produce sex cells and hormones
Labium minus
located above the labium majus
Uterine wall
3 layers
Endometrium
inner layer
Myometrium
muscular wall
Perimetrium
outer layer
Uterine/Fallopian Tubes
Location: leads from the ovary to the uterus
Function: Fertilization occurs in them
External OS
opening of the cervix
Fundus of the uterus
dome shaped, located at the top of the uterus
Infundibulum and fimbriae
capture the mature egg from the ovaries
Cervix
Location: lower one-third of the uterus
Function: allows sperm to travel
Vagina
conveys uterine secretions, it receives the penis during sexual intercourse, and it serves as a birthing canal
Body of the uterus
Main part of the uterus
Hormones of the reproductive system (male and female)
Female sex hormones
GnRH
stimulates the anterior pituitary to produce LH & FSH
FSH
stimulates the maturation of a follicle in the ovary
Androgens
produce some changes at puberty, such as growth of pubic and axillary hair; low androgen concentration allows the broadening of the hips
LH
Stimulates cells to produce testosterone precursors, which can be converted into estrogens in the ovary
Estrogens
responsible for females secondary sexual characteristics, such as breast development, sex organ enlargement, increased adipose tissue deposition, and increased vascularization of the skin
Progesterone
causes endometrium to become more vascular, and uterine glands to secrete nutrients for a possible embryo
Male sex hormones
Testosterone
responsible for male secondary sexual characteristics, deep voice, body hair, thickening of skin, and increased muscular and skeletal growth
Lutenizing Hormone (LH)
promotes development of interstital cells of the testes, which then secrete male hormones (testosterone)
Follice-Stimulating hormone (FSH)
stimulates sertoi cells of seminferous tubles to respond to testosterone