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Reproductive System (Britane Olvera Per. 2) - Coggle Diagram
Reproductive System (Britane Olvera Per. 2)
Major Functions
Female RS:
producing eggs and hormones
maintaining a pregnancy
facilitating childbirth
Male RS:
to produce androgens such as testosterone that maintain male reproductive function
to promote spermatogenesis
transport into the female reproductive system for fertilization.
anatomy of male reproductive structures
internal organs:
vas deferns
prostate
urethra
external organs:
penis
glans penis
prepuce
erectile tissue
Corpus spongiosum
Corpora cavernosa
scrotum
contains paired testes
surrounded by two tunics
Tunica vaginalis: outer layer derived from peritoneum
Tunica albuginea: inner layer forms fibrous capsule
seminiferous tubules
midline septum divides scrotum into two compartments, one for each testis
male duct system
Epididymis
Ductus deferens
Ejaculatory duct
Urethra
male accessory glands
Seminal glands (seminal vesicles)
prostate
Bulbo-urethral glands (Cowper’s gland)
spermatogenesis: process of forming male gametes
sperm
Head
Midpiece
Tail
anatomy of female reproductive structures
external organs:
mons pubis
labia majora/minora
clitoris
vestibule
vestibular bulb
vestibular glands
internal organs:
vagina
ovaries
ovarian ligament: anchors ovary medially to uterus
suspensory ligament: anchors ovary laterally to pelvic wall
ovarian follicles: tiny sac like structures embedded in cortex
Contain immature egg (oocyte)
carried along toward uterus by smooth muscle peristalsis
uterine tubes
Infundibulum: funnel-shaped opening into the peritoneal cavity
contains ciliated projections called fimbriae
Uterus
Body: major portion
Fundus: rounded superior region
Isthmus: narrowed inferior region
Cervix: narrow neck, or outlet; projects into vagina
Cervical canal communicates with:
Vagina via external os
Uterine body via internal os
Uterine Wall
Perimetrium: outermost serous layer (visceral peritoneum)
Myometrium: bulky middle layer consisting of interlacing layers of smooth muscle
Contracts rhythmically during childbirth
Endometrium: mucosal lining
Simple columnar epithelium on top of a thick lamina propria
Fertilized egg burrows into endometrium and resides there during development
female perineum
hormones of the reproductive system
male
testosterone, synthesized from cholesterol, is transformed at some target cells
prompts spermatogenesis and targets all accessory organs
has multiple anabolic effects throughout body
Deficiency leads to atrophy of accessory organs, semen volume declines, and erection/ejaculation are impaired; treatment: testosterone replacement
female
GnRH stimulates FSH and LH secretion
Negative feedback inhibits gonadotropin release
Positive feedback stimulates gonadotropin release
Estrogen levels continue to rise as a result of continued release by dominant follicle
Triggers LH surge
estrogen
Promote oogenesis and follicle growth in ovary
Exert anabolic effect on female reproductive tract
Induce secondary sex characteristics
Estrogen also has metabolic effects:
Progesterone
works with estrogen to establish and regulate uterine cycle
Promotes changes in cervical mucus
Effects of placental progesterone during pregnancy
Events of the female hormonal cycles
menstrual phase
follicular phase
ovulation phase
luteal phase
Disorders associated with the reproductive system (including STI’s
Chlamydia Infections
Genital Herpes.
Genital Warts.
Gonorrhea.
HIV
HPV
cervical cancer
Methods and Classification of contraceptives
methods:
pills
condoms
contraceptive implant
contraceptive injection
female condoms
IUD
classifications:
mechanical
chemical
behavioral
surgical