Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
VERBS :memo:, Functions, image, cartoon-teacher-vector-2595703, image,…
VERBS :memo:
Valency patterns
Ditransitive
Subject + Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object
She
bought
her an apple.
Complex transitive
Subject + Verb + Direct Object + Object Predicative
People
called
him Johnny.
Subject + Verb + Direct Object + Obligatory Adverbial
He
put
his hands on the child's shoulder.
Monotransitive
Subject + Verb + Direct Object
I
prefer
cats.
Intransitive
Subject + Verb
They
wait
.
Copular
Subject + Verb + Subject Predicative
Carrie
felt
a little less bold.
Subject + Verb + Obligatory Adverbial
I'll
keep
in touch with you.
Variations
Subject + Verb + Direct Object (Complement clause)
He
said
he was going to make a copy.
Subject + Verb + Indirect Object (Prepositional Phrase) + Direct Object
He
gave
all that info to the FBI.
Subject + Verb + Indirect Object (Noun Phrase) + Direct Object (Complement clause)
The staff
told
me that the train is delayed.
Intransitive + Optional Adverbial
He
went
to the corner shop.
Transitive + Optional Adverbial
He
ate
the cake yesterday.
Classes
Primary
Used as both auxiliary and main verbs
Have
As main verb
Physical possesion
She
has
a brand new phone.
Family connections
I
have
two cousins.
Where something exists
It would be nice to
have
a sister.
Linking a person to an abstract quality
I hope she
has
fun.
Linking an inanimate object to an abstract quality
Science will always
have
a great role in our lives.
Someone causes something to be done
You should
have
told him.
Eating or drinking
Penny
had
a glass of wine.
As auxiliary verb
Perfect aspect
Past perfect (
had
)
Two days ago, the train
had
passed for the last time.
Present perfect (
has/have
)
No one
has
ever seen anything like that before.
Do
As main verb
Direct object
He
did
a wonderful thing
.
Indirect object + direct object
Will you
do
me a favor
?
Fixed expressions
I hate
doing the dishes
.
Can i
do you hair
?
Substituting a lexical verb
It hurts me when you
do that
.
Elipsis
A: They kicked him out. B: They should have
done
.(kicked him out)
As auxiliary verb
Negatives
He
does
n't drink vodka.
Emphatic do
Emphazise the main verb
I did
want
to see him perform.
Commands (imperative)
Oh,
do shut up
please!
Do + be
They
do be
kind.
Verb phrase + complement
His mom wants to know her, but his father
doesn't
.
Question tags
But Zoey loved Ted,
didn't
she?
Interrogatives
What
did
you do to her?
Be
As main verb
Subject noun phrase + obligatory adverbial
She
was
in Ollie's room
a lot.
Subject noun phrase + subject predicative
Radio waves
are
useful
.
As auxiliary verb
Progressive aspect (be + ing participle)
The last light
was
fading
by the time he entered the town.
Passive voice (be + ed-participle)
This book
is
called
Eleanor & Park.
Modal
Function as auxiliary verbs
Could
I
could
have done something.
Shall
We
shall
never speak again.
Can
You
can
do it.
Should
It
should
have been Mark.
Will
I
will
go to the dance.
Would
I
would
have set him free.
May
May
I go to the bathroom, please?
Might
It
might
snow today.
Must
You
must
marry her.
Lexical
Function as main verbs
Open class
Examples
You barely
ate
your meal.
So I
turned on
the lights.
Forrest
ran
for a long time.
Most common
Copular
Used to
Associate an atribute with the subject
Locate the subject in time or space
Current copular
Continuing state of existence
Appear
There was a moment when it
appeared
likely that we could get in.
Keep
It is funny how he
manages
to stay awake.
Seem
He
seems
worried.
Remain
The abandoned house
remains
unchanged.
Be
Characterizing
My dad
is
a great guy.
Identifying
Tomorrow could
be
a sunny day.
Stay
You must
stay
sober.
Sensory perceptions
Sound
It
sounds
really good.
Smell
It
smells
funny in here.
Feel
That
feels
bad.
Taste
The rice
tastes
awful.
Look
I
look
awful.
Result copular
Result of a process of change
Come
It is a dream
come
true.
Turn
She had
turned
pale.
Prove
Looking for answers can
prove
difficult.
Turn out
This marriage will
turn out
all right.
Grow
My heart
grew
sick.
End up
She will
end up
pregnant.
Go
I would
go
crazy.
Wind up
The people who destroyed the store
wound up
dead.
Get
He is going to
get
worse.
Become
His breathing
became
less frantic.
Functions
Main
In the middle of a clause
I
went
to Zen's play.
Determine other clause elements
Auxiliary
Before a main verb
He
could be staying
here.
Qualify the main verb
