Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Priscilla Anzaldo P2 Reproductive System - Coggle Diagram
Priscilla Anzaldo P2 Reproductive System
major functions of the reproductive system
form specialized cells for sexual reproduction called gametes
sperm: gametes in males
ova (eggs): gametes in females
bring gametes from male and female together through sexual intercourse
combine genetic info contained in gametes through fertilization
support development of fetus (gestation) and birth (parturition)
Anatomy of male reproductive structures
testes: sperm producing male gonads lie within scrotum
scrotum: sac of skin superficial fascia
tunica vaginalis: outer layer derived from peritoneum
tunica albuginea: inner layer forms fibrous capsule
semimiferous tubules: site of sperm production
male duct system
ducts deferens: joins duct of seminal vesicle to form ejaculatory duct
epidydimis: where sperm matures
ejaculatory duct
urethra
penis: male copulatory organ
external genitalia
scrotum
penis
anatomy of female reproductive structures
ovaries: paired structures flank the uterus almond shaped
ovarian ligament: anchors ovary medially
suspensory ligament: anchors ovary laterally to pelvic wall
ovarian follicles: tiny sac-like structures
internal genitalia
ovaries
duct system
uterine tubes
uterus
vagina
external genitalia
mons pubis
labia majora
labia minora
clitoris
vestibular bulbs
vulva vestibule
hormones of the reproductive system
females
estrogen: promote oogenisis and follicle growth in ovary
progesterone: works with estrogen to establish and regulate uterine cycle
males
testosterone
events of the female hormonal cycles
events of ovarian cycle
follicular phase: period of vesicular follicle growth
luteal phase: period of corpus luteum activity
ovulation: period between follicular and luteal phase
events of uterine (menstrual cycle)
days 1-5 menstrual phase
days 6-14 proliferative (preovulatory) phase
days 15-28 secretory phase (post ovulatory)
disorders associated with the reproductive system
chlamydia
most common STI
caused my chlamydia trachomatis
can be contracted by newborns from birth canal (vagina)
symptoms: urethritis, abdominal/rectal/testicular pain, painful intercourse
treatment: antibiotics
Trichomoniasis
more common in women than men
symptoms: yellow-green vaginal discharge with strong odor
gonorrhea
bacterial infection of mucosae of reproductive/ urinary tracts
caused by gonorrhoeae
most infectious
symptoms (male): urethritis, painful urination, discharge of pus from penis (drip)
symptoms (female): abdominal discomfort, abnormal vaginal discharge/ uterine bleeding
treatment: antibiotics
syphilis
bacterial infection transmitted sexually or cogenitally
caused by treponema pailidum
invades musocsa or broken skin
symptoms: chancre
secondary symptoms: pink skin rash, joint pain
treatment: penicilin
human papillomarvius (HPV)
caused by genital warts
80% cases of cervical cancer related to HPV
vaccination can guard against cancer causing strains
Genital Herpes
caused by herpes simplex virus
most difficult pathogen to control because it is asymptomatic
treatment: antiviral drugs can reduce duration or intensity of flare ups
methods and classification of contraceptives
Rhythm Method: abstinence from sexual intercourse around time of ovulation; difficult to determine time
of ovulation; not effective
Mechanical Barriers: prevent sperm from entering vagina during sexual intercourse; examples: male or
female condoms, diaphragm, cervical cap
Coitus Interruptus: withdrawal of penis from vagina before ejaculation; not very effective; some sperm may
reach vagina before ejaculation
Chemical Barriers: contain spermicides, more effective when used with a condom
examples: creams,
foams, jellies
Combined Hormone Contraceptives: contain estrogen and progestins to prevent pregnancy; disrupt
normal hormonal patterns of female cycle, and prevent follicle maturation and ovulation; examples:
chemical ring, patch, oral contraceptives
Injectable Contraception: injection of a progesterone preventing follicle maturation and ovulation
Contraceptive Implants: implantation of a rod containing progestin under the skin in the arm; can prevent
follicle maturation and ovulation for 3 years
Intrauterine Devices (IUDs): objects implanted in the uterus are either toxic to sperm and egg cells or
prevent implantation of embryo by inhibiting growth of endometrium, thicken cervical mucus
Sterilization: surgical methods of permanently preventing pregnancy
vasectomy: removing small portion of the vas deferens, preventing sperm from entering semen
tubal ligation cutting of uterine tube preventing sperm from reaching egg