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Natural Hazard:Drought - Coggle Diagram
Natural Hazard:Drought
Cause of drought
2.Population increases, leading to a gradual shortage of limited water resources
3.Forest plants are destroyed by humans, and the water storage function of plants is lost, so groundwater is extracted, resulting in the reduction of groundwater and soil water
4.Human activities have caused massive water pollution, reducing available water resources
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definition
Long-term no rain or high temperature and little rain in a certain area, resulting in lack of moisture in the air and soil.
effects of drought
3.Gradual reduction in surface runoff, river flow and groundwater recharge
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2.Soil moisture content gradually decreases, resulting in reduced crop yields
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- Water shortage problem caused by insufficient water supply, resulting in social and economic losses
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drought example
1.In 2022, Ethiopia, Somalia, Kenya and other countries in the "Horn of Africa", the traffic hubs in Northeast Africa, are facing the worst drought in 40 years.
A large number of livestock died, crops failed, and sandstorms were overwhelming. About 13 million people woke up hungry every day, and child malnutrition and mortality were also extremely high.
- 20% reduction in water volume in the Colorado River in 2021
About 90% of the west of the United States is abnormally dry or in different degrees of drought, extreme drought and rare drought, and it was even close to 50%.
level of drought
- No drought: normal or wet and waterlogged, characterized by normal or more than normal precipitation and wet surface.
- Light drought: It is characterized by less precipitation than normal years, dry surface air, and slight water shortage in the soil, which has a slight impact on crops.
- Moderate drought: It is characterized by continuous less precipitation than normal years, dry soil surface, insufficient water in the soil, and wilting of surface plant leaves during the day, which has a certain impact on crops and the ecological environment.
- Severe drought: It is characterized by continuous and serious lack of water in the soil, thick dry soil layer in the soil, wilting plants, dry leaves, and shedding of fruits, which has a serious impact on crops and the ecological environment, and has a certain impact on industrial production and drinking water for humans and animals. Influence.
- Extreme drought: It is characterized by long-term serious water shortage in the soil, withered and dead plants on the surface, which seriously affects crops and the ecological environment, and has a great impact on industrial production and drinking water for humans and animals.