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Genetics II, image, image - Coggle Diagram
Genetics II
Alleles
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Gametes have one allele and but normal body cells have two as we get half our alleles from our mother and half from father.
If an organism has two alleles for a particular gene, it is homozygous(RR or rr) but if it has two alleles for a particular gene that are different it is heterozygous(Rr or rR).
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Alleles work at a molecular level coding for different proteins to determine your phenotype(characteristics)
Gender determination
Males are XY, the Y chromosome giving them male characteristics and females are XX both the X's giving them female characteristics.
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Men are more likely to show recessive characteristics for genes that are sex linked because the Y chromosome is smaller than the X so the X chromosomes sometimes carries the only allele for the gender linked characteristics because men only carry one allele, they are more likely to show recessive characteristics.
Variation
Genetic variation is caused by organisms having different alleles which can lead to different phenotypes
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Variation depends on environment too e.g. malnutrition can lead to lack of growth, going to school increases IQ
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Genetic diagrams
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A family pedigree is a diagram to show how a characteristic is inherited in a group of related people
Gregor Mendel
He did experiments in pea plants and discovered characteristics in plants are determined by the gene and genes are passed down to offspring and they can be dominant and show or recessive and only be carried
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