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Loneliness and Facebook use: The role of social comparison and rumination,…

- - - - DEPENDENT VARIABLE Facebook use
        (which refers to the amount of time spent on the social media).
      - INDEPENDENT VARIABLE Loneliness
        (which is a self-reported measure of an individual’s subjective experience of feeling alone and disconnected from others).
    - - Ho:There is positive association between loneliness and facebook use.
      - H1 There is not a positive association between loneliness and facebook use.
    - - What do the statistics mean?
        
        F and P are values which are used to determine the significance of teh relationship between dependent and independent variables.
        The F-value represents the overall significance of the regression model. It indicates whether the model's fit is significantly better than the null model, which assumes that the independent and dependent variables have no relationship. A higher F-value indicates that the model is more well-fitting and that the relationship between the independent and dependent variables is statistically significant.
        The P-value is a measure of the predictors' individual significance in the regression model. It indicates whether each predictor has a statistically significant relationship with the dependent variable when all other predictors in the model are controlled for. A low P-value indicates that the predictor is significant and that the relationship between the predictor and the dependent variable is not coincidental.
        In conclusion, F-values and P-values are important in regression analysis because they assist researchers in determining the overall significance of the model as well as the individual significance of the predictors.
        
        M = The mean
        SD= Standard Deviation
        Range = Maximum mean - Minnimum mean
      - Test Statistic and Explanation
        The first finding is that facebook use and loneliness are positively correlated. According to the study, people who felt more lonely also admitted to using facebook more frequently. This implies that lonely individuals can use Facebook to sate their desires for social interaction and to feel a sese of community.
        The variance for final model is 55.8%. The final model, which explained 55.8% of the variation, revealed a significant relationship between depression, social comparison, and rumination and loneliness. (F (12,199) ¼ 20.92, p < .000), partially supporting Hypothesis 1. And though, Facebook use—both active and passive—is not strongly linked to loneliness. Upward comparison has a positive relationship with loneliness, therefore the more one socially compared themselves to individuals who were seen as having it better on Facebook, the more lonely they felt. Although the association is in the right direction—those who felt better after comparing their circumstances to those of others felt less lonely—downward comparison did not significantly predict loneliness. Rumination and loneliness were found to be positively correlated, indicating that those who engage in more rumination also experience greater loneliness. The addition of rumination and social comparison contributed 13.0 % (p < .000) to the overall variance accounted for by this model.
  - - - DEPENDENT VARIABLE: Facebook use
      - INDEPENDENT VARIABLE Rumination, loneliness and social comparison
        Loneliness is the predictor variable, while social comparison and rumination are the mediator variable.
    - - Ho: The relationship between loneliness and facebook use is mediated by social comparison and rumination
      - H1: The relationship between loneliness and facebook use is not mediated by social comparison and rumination
    - - What do the statistics mean?
        
        p The P-value is a measure of the predictors' individual significance in the regression model. It indicates whether each predictor has a statistically significant relationship with the dependent variable when all other predictors in the model are controlled for.
        
        R2 = The coefficient of determination, or R2, is a measure of how well a model fits.
        The changes in R2 was not significant which shows that there was no moderation, rumination and upward comparison independently contributed to loneliness.
      - Test Statistic and Explanation
        The second hypothesis was not supported. The process (in SPSS) was used to test for moderation, and the change in R2 was not significant (R2 ¼ .0003; p ¼ .82) indicating that there was no moderation and rumination and upward comparison independently contributed to loneliness, indicating that the change in R2 was not significant.