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IT PROJECT MANAGEMENT - Coggle Diagram
IT PROJECT MANAGEMENT
CHAPTER 2
Project Environment
- Physical Space
- Culture - Reflects values and norms of the team
Project Infrastructure
- Defines what are required in developing a project plan – knowledge, tools, methods and processes
Project Governance
- Provides a framework to guide all the project decisions
- Defines: Structure, Authorization, Oversight and Accountability, Decision Making, Resources
Nature of IT Projects IT projects are diverse in nature:
- IT supports every possible industry and business functions
- Can be hardware-oriented or software-oriented
- Require different ways of managing the project
Resources (example)
- People – knowledge, skills
- Software
- Hardware
- Network
- Funding
- Time
Skills needed in a Project Team
- Technology Skills
- Business/organization knowledge
- Interpersonal skills
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Decision depends on:
- The project scope
- Availability of the products and services in the marketplace
- Cost
- Quality
- Terms and Conditions
- Experience and skills of the project team
Project Outsourcing Model
- Full Insourcing
- Resources acquired internally.
- Selective Outsourcing
- Some resources acquired internally. The rest are outsourced externally.
- Full Outsourcing
- Resources are handled by external sources.
Procurement Planning
Begins by determining which project needs can be fulfilled internally or externally by the project team
Contracts Between Sellers and Buyers
Once a seller is selected, the buyer may enter into contract negotiations so that a mutual agreement can be reached
Categories of Procurement-type Contracts
- Fixed-Price or Lump-Sum Contracts (A total or fixed price is negotiated or set as the final price for a product or service)
- Cost-Reimbursable Contracts (Payment or reimbursement is made to the seller to cover the seller’s actual direct costs)
- Time and Materials (T&M) Contracts (A hybrid of cost-reimbursable and fixed-price contracts)
Types of Cost-reimbursable Contracts
- Cost-Plus-Fee (CPF) or Cost-Plus-Percentage Cost (CPPC)
- Cost-Plus-Fixed-Fee (CPFF)
- Cost-Plus-Incentive-Fee (CPIF)
FOUR TYPES OF ASSOCIATION (RACI):
- Responsible
- A role that is “Responsible” for completing the task or deliverable.
- Accountable
- A role that is “Accountable” has the final authority or accountability for the task’s completion.
- Consulted
- A role that is “Consulted” is an adviser to a task.
- Informed
- A role that is “Informed” is kept up to date on task completion.
Project Charter
- Serves as an agreement and as a communication tool for all of the project stakeholders
- Documents the project’s MOV
- Defines the project’s infrastructure
- Summarizes the details of the project plan
CHAPTER 1
ORGANIZATION
What is an organization?
a formal social structure; which use sources from an environment and process it into output.
Have 4 different frames:
- Structural (Roles and responsibilities, coordination and control)
- Human resources (Provide harmony between needs of organization and people)
- Political (Coalitions composed of varies individuals and interest groups)
- Symbolic (Related to events; Culture, language, traditions and image)
System Concept (Organization)
Systems - sets of interacting components that work within an environment to fulfill some purpose
Top management and project managers must follow system philosophy
Three Spheres:
- Business
- Organization
- Technology
Types of Organizational Structure in Project Management:
- Functional Organization
- People are grouped by areas of specialization
- Team members do both project work and departmental or operational work at the same time.
- Project-Based Organization
- The entire company is organized by projects
- The resources are not associated with any department. They report to their project managers only.
- Matrix Organization
- Aims to get the benefits from two previous organizational structures.
- Team members report to both project manager and functional managers.
Organizational Culture
Characteristics:
- Member identity
- Group emphasis
- People focus
- Unit integration
- Control
PROJECT
What Is a Project?
a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result.
IT Projects
Projects that involve using hardware, software, and networks to create a product, service, or result.
Example: A team of students creates a smartphone application and sells it online.
Project Attributes
- A project has a unique purpose
- Have a well-defined objective that provide the basis for further discussions and projects that leads to unique product, service or result
- A project is temporary
- A project is developed using progressive elaboration
- A project requires resources, often from various areas.
- Resources include people, hardware, software, and other assets
- A project should have a primary customer or sponsor.
- Project sponsor usually provides the direction and funding for the project
- A project involves uncertainty.
- External (a supplier going out of business) and Internal factor
Project Constraints
- Scope (What work will be done as part of the project?)
- Time (How long should it take to complete the project?)
- Cost (What should it cost to complete the project?)
Other Restraints:
- Quality
- Resources
- Risks
- Good project management
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
What is Project Management?
The application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements.
Key elements in project management framework
- Project stakeholders
- Project management knowledge areas
- Project management tools and techniques
- The contribution of successful projects to the enterprise
Project Stakeholders
- Internal Stakeholders
- Project sponsor, Project team, Support staff, Internal customers
- External stakeholders
- External users/customers, Competitors, Suppliers
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Project Success
- The project met scope, time, and cost goals
- The project satisfied the customer/sponsor
- The results of the project met its main objective (saving money)
Best practices
- Use an integrated toolbox
- Grow project leaders
- Develop a streamlined project delivery process
- Measure project health using metrics
Improving The Likelihood of Success
- A Value-Driven Approach
- Socio-technical Approach
- Project Management Approach
- Knowledge Management Approach