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Reproductive System Denise Urzua Period 5 - Coggle Diagram
Reproductive System Denise Urzua Period 5
Events of female hormonal cycles
Menstrual cycle: Proliferation phase and secretory phase
Proliferation phase-more estrogen increases synthesis of progesterone receptors
Secretory phase: prepares embro for implant if no pregnancy occurs corpus luteum degenerates progesterone falls, then repeats cycle
Ovulation cycle: Every month after puberty an egg is released, In between Luteal and follicular phases
Luteal Phase: period of corpus luteum activity, After ovulation ruptured follicle collapses and antrum fills with clotted blood the remaining cells form corpus luteum; no pregnancy- corpus luteum degenerates into corpus albicans, pregnancy occurs- secretes progesterone to support pregnancy for first 3 months until placenta takes over
Follicular phase: period of vesicular follicle growth days 1-14 days, Several vesticular (antral) follicles becomes sensitive and are stimulated to grow, FSH levels drop in middle of follicular phase-non dominant follicles undergo atresia
Disorders associated with the reproductive system including STI's
Chaymadia: most common STI's; symptoms- abnormal discharge, burning while urinating; treatment-antibiotics
Gonorrhea: abnormal yellow, green or white discharge, burning while urinating
Bacterial Vaginal: bacterial infection in vagina; treatment: medication; symptoms- burning when urinating, pain or itching in vagina
Hepatitis: type A, B, C- A: highly contagious liver disease, B; serious liver infection, C: infection cause by virus attacks liver, no cure; symptoms- jaundice, ab pain, swelling and fatigue
Pelvic Inflammatory disease: result from untreated STI's; symptoms- fever, pain during sex; treatment- antibotics
Syphilis: 3 types- primary: sores at site, secondary: skin rash and tertiary: sereve; progressive; treatment- penicillin
HPV: caused by genital warts; symptoms- none, medication for warts not the virus
Genital herpes: genital sores, infection around mouth and lips, no cure but antiviral may help
Trichomoniasis: parasitic infection; symptoms- mild irritation to severe inflammation, treatment: antibiotics
AIDS/HIV: human immunodeficiency virus, flu like symptoms, no cure
Anatomy of male reproductive structures
Penis: male copulatory organ
Testis: passway of sperm seminiferous tubules-> rete testis-> efferent ductus-> epididymis
Prostate: most common reason for consults- prostate cancer
Urethra: passway for sperm and urine out the body
Vas deferens: passway for sperm
Epididymis: sperm matures here
Ejactory duct: Passway of sperm
Semifol tubules: Responsible for making sperm
Scrotum: sac of skin and superficial fascia
Seminal glands smooth contracts during ejaclation makes viscous alkaline seminal fluid- alkaline neutralizes acid from vagina
Methods and classification of contraceptives
Oral pill: Chemical barrier taken everyday, risk for blood clots, spotting for months, nausea, breast tenderness
IUD: Mechanical barrier, two types in uterus, can cause light menstrual flow or heavy flow, effective- good
Latex condom: Mechanical barrier, very effective
Tracking ovulation: Behavior barrier, not very effective
Internal condom: Mechanical barrier, inside vagina, effective- good
Pull out: Behavioral barrier, effectiveness- not very good
Spermicides: Behavior barrier, not very effective
Female sterilization: Fallopian tubes are cut or blocked, very effective
Male Sterilization: known as vasectomy, very effective, permanent, cut/block vas deferens
Injectables: shot in arm, hip, or under skin, effective- good, may cause weight gain
Anatomy of female reproductive structures
Ovaries: female gonads produce female gametes- ova, secretes female sex hormones
Uterus: Where implantation occurs, receive, retains and norish fertilized ovum
Vagina: outer opening leading into cervix
Cervix: projects into vagina narrow neck outlet
Labia minora/majora: outermost skin covered in pubis and innermost skin
Clitoris: counterpart to penis
Uterine tube/fallopian tubes: where fertilization usually happens
Infundibulum: helps capture egg from ovaries
Fimbriae: drape over ovary
Hormones of the reproductive system (male and female)
Female:
Estrogen: responsible for the thickening of endometrium; also secreted by corpus luteum, promotes oogenesis and follicular growth
Progesterone: responsible for support developing pregnancy for the first 3 months; secreted by corpus luteum
FSH: responsible for the rise of estrogen, FSH level at 14 of cycle
LH: levels rise at day 14 of cycle
Male
Testrone: supports the development of male accessory organs and secondary sex organs in testis
Major functions of the male and female reproductive system
Reproduction by sexual intercourse and support development
Produce gametes- female-eggs/ova and male-sperm
Produce hormones- regulating and sex hormones